Dear Future Tourism Discussion Participants,

We would like to thank you for your valuable contributions to the FutureTourism (FUT-Tourism): Rethinking Tourism in times of COVID-19 in the Eastern Caribbean e- discussion.

I am pleased to share that many of the suggestions and insights you have contributed have been included in the final report on the regional dialogues, including direct quotes from the e-discussion participants. Thank you for your willingness to get involved and for sharing your views.  Your input will contribute to the recommendation and formulation of policies which will have a wide-reaching impact on the future of tourism in the Eastern Caribbean.

More than 50 people joined the discussion, from a variety of backgrounds: Barbados Welcome Stamp/remote workers, start-ups, small businesses, civil society, technology companies and representatives from UNDP and other UN agencies across the world. The discussion board is now closed but it will remain accessible for future reference and can be viewed at the links below:

The final Future Tourism Summary Report will be presented to the governments of the Eastern Caribbean in the coming days. Thereafter it will be made available for public review and we will share it with you at this time.

We would like to thank you once again for your support, and we look forward to working with you again in the future.

Regards,

The UNDP Barbados and Eastern Caribbean Future Tourism and UNDP SIDS Teams

 

The travel and hospitality sectors have been at the forefront of digital transformation with transportation and accommodation companies among the first to adopt digital marketing practices to attract visitors. The pandemic has accelerated digital sales in the tourism industry, with emerging digital platforms and apps used to engage customers before, during and after traveling. However many Caribbean small businesses are not yet integrated with the major Online Travel Agencies (OTAs: Expedia, booking.com etc) and do not have access to online payment gateways. International visitors tend not to carry cash and prefer digital means of payment which prevents many small businesses from accessing potential customers who are willing to pay for their products and services. 

Help shape the future of tourism in the region as part of this United Nations consultation. Sharing your insights and recommendations will support governments and small businesses to assess and adapt to this transition. Here are a few questions you can consider to get started. The conversation is open to everyone. We look forward to hearing from you.

Discussion Questions

  • What are the challenges and opportunities emerging related to the adoption of digital technologies in the tourism sector in the Caribbean?
  • How can Caribbean small businesses better take advantage of these opportunities? What hurdles need to be overcome and what type of support is needed?
  • How can innovations in AI, biometrics, 5G networks, GPS tracking, AR/VR, blockchain, etc. also be used in the Eastern Caribbean to attract tourists and to manage the value chain more effectively, sustainably and efficiently? Please share examples. 

Comments (27)

Jessica Bensley
Jessica Bensley Moderator

Hello and Welcome,

Thank you for joining us in what I anticipate will be a lively and important dialogue to facilitate informed policy change to support Caribbean businesses; notably small and medium sized enterprises to enhance their competitive advantage and ease operations through digital transformation.

My name is Jessica Bensley, I will be one of the moderators for this dialogue over the next week.

I am a specialist in small islands and committed to sustainable development.  

For over three decades I have led a multi-regional team guiding over 18million visitors through 28 of our islands whilst marketing over 3,000 tourism service providers and respective pubic service ministries across our Caribbean islands.

I am no stranger to the logistical challenges and constraints to scaling and operating a business through multiple territories, currencies and compliancy regulations all whilst streamlining and digitizing systems to simplify and regularize commercial transactions for SME’s and to add continued value for our international clients.  

It is my sincere hope that you will engage in this online participator dialogue to share your experience and expertise - your objectives, your wins and some of your challenges.

As a means to getting to know you, please share your responses to these two introductory questions;

 

PLEASE RESPOND

1.     What is your most challenging digital constraint to scaling or optimizing your business?

 

2.     What is a technological strategy you have adopted that has worked successfully for your enterprise?

 

Nerissa Golden
Nerissa Golden

1 . A - Payments. Being unable to offer a seamless and localized solution for collecting payments from overseas clients has been a pain. Thankfully, I've learned that when someone wants to do business with you they are usually very understanding and will work with the options you have available. However, it means that a lot of money gets left on the table because not everyone has the time or interest in paying other than through their credit card.

2. A - We offer both local and international ways for clients to pay us. It means loss of revenue through international transfer and currency exchanges but it is better than losing out on the payment completely. We stay very active online and communicate regularly with customers to resolve issues and quickly as possible.

Jessica Bensley
Jessica Bensley Moderator

Hello Nerissa,

Thank you for sharing your primary challenges which i understand to be mainly around seamless and cost efficient means to accepting digital payments.

I applaud your commitment to place additional focus in your business to timely communications, it brings to mind that once we have this issue resolved your personnel costs around this area could be utilized in another capacity, perhaps towards building out your customer base.

I am interested in what solutions you currently utilize?

Nerissa Golden
Nerissa Golden

Jessica Bensley , we are currently looking at creating a new business model, that can allow us to resolve some of the pain points, not only for ourselves but others in the same sector. As it relates to personnel, we outsource and hire temp staff as needed.

Laura Hildebrandt
Laura Hildebrandt Moderator

Hello everyone and welcome to this discussion! The past year has changed people's lives in dramatic ways. One silver lining of the pandemic has been the rapid shift towards digital technologies. Some estimate that COVID-19 has advanced digital transformation by 10 years in a single year, putting government and business services online and connecting people virtually like never before. The longer term impacts of this shift are only starting to be understood. 

But what does this mean for the tourism sector? While business travel may decline, there are clear signs that a strong demand for leisure travel will persist. So now that everyone expects digital services in all domains of life, how can small businesses rise to challenge? How can they take better advantage of digital marketing and e-commerce and what are the hurdles? How can governments better support this transition? These are some of the questions we will explore in this e-discussion. I encourage you to jump in and share your insights and good practices from other destinations, and also to reach out to others who have experience to share on the opportunities and challenges for digital transformation of the tourism sector in the Eastern Caribbean.  

Krystal Yearwood
Krystal Yearwood

Hello everyone! 

Welcome to the discussion! My name is Krystal Yearwood and I work with UNDP, specifically with the Future of Tourism and Digital Transformation projects.

I agree with Laura, the Covid-19 pandemic has definitely changed the speed at which digital technologies have evolved and been implemented both in government and the private sector. I believe that for small businesses, one of the challenges is the uncertainty of how to pivot in light of the pandemic in order to embrace the digital technology. For some it may be an issue of not having sufficient financial and technical resources to implement the necessary mechanism which may be a hindrance. To those small and medium sized businesses my suggestion would be to start small and continue to grow as you expand. The use of social media can significantly give businesses greater access to consumers while simultaneously bringing consumers to you. In addition, by taking advantages of free listings such as the Google My Business listing, business can easily post opening hours, online menus and directions. It also allows for ratings so consumers can speak about their experiences. 

I also believe that governments, specifically the ministries of tourism, can assist by facilitating training sessions on how to use digital technology to transform MSMEs. Further to this, governments should also work to improve the ease of doing business within member states. A common mechanism within the CARICOM region would make it easier for digital nomads to operate and move throughout the region. 

Digital transformation may seem daunting at first but I believe that it creates a great room for opportunity expansion. 

Nerissa Golden
Nerissa Golden

Krystal, 

Excellent points. Starting small is key.

As I said in a previous post, many in the tourism marketplace are older and are of the mindset that tourists will come and they need only show up and take them on a tour. 

There are several issues at play.

  1. The aging tour operators who are not social media savvy and are intimidated to learn or don't care to.
  2. The younger gen operators who don't have the knowledge and history of the islands they want to serve and much of the history is oral. In the case of Montserrat, this is a major challenge for continuing the tours into the Lost City of Plymouth, etc.'
  3. Tourism ventures which are side hustles so the impetus is not there to invest more in learning or upgrading the product. I believe seeing how at risk the sector is, may be a deterrent to some to enter the field.
  4. Businesses are not legally registered and so cannot be counted in to receive grant support or other benefits.
  5. While the Facebook and Google My Business options are great ideas. Some of the features do not work as they should if your business does not have a physical location or the island and places are excluded from the platform listing such as with Facebook. The Google My Business option to mail a confirmation post card does not work for Montserrat.
  6. Digital payments is a no go. The RBC sale to Bank of Montserrat now leaves the island without access to withdrawing cash from international credit cards at the ATM. You can only get Visa within the banking hours after standing in line. 

The Remote work and digital nomad discussion is a great one and yielded many excellent points. It offers opportunities for creating new services to cater to this new brand of visitors but providers need to be agile and available. Ongoing to training for hospitality sector workers is critical. Product development assistance is urgent and ongoing access to training on marketing and customer service is necessary.

Jessica Bensley
Jessica Bensley Moderator

Hello again Nerissa,

Thank you for such a clear breakdown on some of the tour operator challenges in Montserrat, it has been over a decade since i worked in your island and I was truly surprised to read of your localized challenges.

Re. point 5, as a regional map maker to the islands for over 3 decades pre Google Maps I have observed some integrity of data challenges, ranging from correct street names, and the incorrect placement of business locations with a long lead time to get them corrected. I know Google has been working hard in several islands deploying street researchers to update information but it seems this may not be the case in Montserrat, this has been my overall observation, the larger islands are being treated as priority and it would seem that the smaller ones are yet to be fully 'addressed', pun intended. 

Thank you for bringing to light the other important issues.

 

Nerissa Golden
Nerissa Golden

Jessica Bensley I have suggested that we do a street view mapping campaign with Google but it hasn't been taken up. There are many battles. Picking the ones that I can manage with what resources are available.

Glendon Langaigne
Glendon Langaigne

Hello Everyone - my name is Glendon Langaigne (Technology Consultant).  We have lots of great ideas of how to move forward and we are very aware of the roadblocks.  However, my biggest worry everyday is the pace at which the region must move. 

Over the years we have seen many improvements that has helped us remain a competitive force within the tourism industry.  Persons around the world hail the Caribbean as a destination of choice to vacate, relax, and now increasingly to live and work.  This has all happened by the stewardship of the various associations and professionals across the region. 

However, we are now in unchartered territory.  Our tourists are changing and their demands are changing.  Things were changing before Covid-19, but its presence accelerated what was happening.  For example, where, before, tourists experienced our shores when they arrived, i.e., saw pictures that lured them to book their vacations, now the tourist interact with destinations directly long before even speaking to a travel agent (videos on social media, chat rooms and groups, gaming, etc).  We therefore need to understand the new journey (use cases) of a tourist, from beginning to end.  When and how they first connect?  What are they seeking when they connect and how do we earn their trust and confidence to visit.  When they visit us, how do we live up to their expectations, exceed them and succeed in bringing great value to our economies. 

I believe, that the virtual and the real world experiences need to come closer together.  If the Caribbean can position with this new way of thinking and understand that they are not separate, but one, many things will start falling into place.  From marketing, to planning, to payments, to experiences, to memories and moments that will bring future business.  Grenada has started work on a smart state vision - link to report here https://www.bb.undp.org/content/barbados/en/home/library/undp_publicati…

Other countries in the Caribbean are already thinking the same.  A key component, and catalyst, will be transitioning our current physical destination thinking to one that is truly a digital (smart) destination/experience that fuses the real and virtual worlds into one.

Jessica Bensley
Jessica Bensley Moderator

Hello Glendon, 

You raise a critical point re. marketing. Nowadays visitors are generally researching the destination through 'informal' information centers, the question then becomes how is that information verified and how do we ensure expectations are met?

I think of importance here, is also the need for our islands to be fully wi-fi ready. f we are moving into a digital approach to impart information, how do we ensure ease of accessibility of data? I have seen some islands taking a pro-active approach to open and free wi-fi networks and then suddenly closing them down, meaning the visitor is at the mercy of exorbitant roaming costs to access localised information. 

You speak about changing visitors needs, this is such an important point.  In the last 2 years quite a few islands have experienced  longer stay visitors, moving away from the old style 'hotel' model, meaning they are engaging in a more independent vacation and in most cases looking to integrate at a deeper vertical levels with communities and indigenous experiences, I believe there are tremendous opportunities to link digital transformation with the theme of sustainability and inclusiveness, what are your thoughts? 

Glendon Langaigne
Glendon Langaigne

Many of our small companies are struggling to receive online payments.  From the discussion today, one presenter pointed out that the requirements to get an online merchant account are 40 pages long.  Then you have to get a developer to actually do the integration work.  Just hearing this is painful enough.  Great that WiPay has come with a solution.  I can only imagine the hurdles they had/have to cross. But another problem will be the rate of commission on transactions and whatever commission payments are being made to a regional / local processor will need to take into consideration things like transaction volume, currency, technical support and integration with third parties, etc.  We need to look at this solution as a combined effort across sectors.  Maybe the hospitality industry needs to create a partnership with one or two processors and make the business more sustainable for the benefit of the entire ecosystem in the beginning.  Once the volume comes and markets open, then more processors will become available.  Its similar to what has happened with the airlines over the years....just thinking out loud!

Nerissa Golden
Nerissa Golden

A joined up approach is the region institutions such as the OECS Economic Union was created for. I don't think we do enough of it. We have success in pharma and other areas, we definitely need to do this for currency, credit card transactions, etc. All of our EC national banks should become one regional bank as they would be stronger together.

Nini
Nini

I could not agree more. Dcash will be able to solve a lot of problems if it's mainstreamed. I hope that the population will embrace it. The lady who spoke from the ECCB shared this link for those who want more information: https://www.dcashec.com/ .  

Some of the root causes of the problems and their consequences for the region are captured in a presentation I gave on behalf of Compete Caribbean during the Digital Expo organised by the OECS commission. See attached if anyone is interested. 

Jessica Bensley
Jessica Bensley Moderator

Hello Nini,

Thank you for sharing your presentation on the root problems. You have certainly created a comprehensive breakdown of the current situation, of particular importance is the cost of doing business digitally compared across several platforms.

The slide on per capita income over time shown through the graphics is arresting and gives testament to a sense of urgency on bringing solutions to the market.

 

Thank you.

Laura Hildebrandt
Laura Hildebrandt Moderator

For those who missed it these issues were the focus of the third installment of the #UNDPFutureTourism Regional Dialogues, the panel discussed how digital transformation could provide opportunities for Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) and how Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean are well poised to embrace innovative technology. 

Dialogue III

Watch the Recording here

This panel event focused on 4 main themes:

  • Theme 1: An online presence is essential but what does it mean for MSMEs? Digital platforms are used to engage customers before, during and after traveling. What are the top priorities for MSMEs to establish an online presence? 
  • Theme 2: Online booking and online payment. 53% of MSMEs that can take online bookings cannot take online payment. What are the issues? What can be done to help more MSMEs process digital payments online?
  • Theme 3: Mobile payment. In terms of payment using mobile phone, a fundamental change is happening in the OECS with the availability of Dcash. What does that mean for the MSMEs involved in tourism?
  • Theme 4: Other digital and technological innovation. What is already being done in the Caribbean in terms of digital innovation as it relates to health and safety? Can digital vaccination passport be driven by Caribbean countries? 
Krystal Yearwood
Krystal Yearwood

Hi everyone for those who missed it I am pleased to share a summary of  the key points from Regional Dialogue III

Moderator: Brian Frontin

Keynote Speaker Natalia Bayona

 

Panelists: 

Dr. Lisa Indar – Director of CARPHA

Sybil Welsh – Senior Project Specialist, Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Jessica Bensley – CEO of Skyviews

Aldwyn Wayne – CEO of WIPay

Iva Kutle Skrlec – Global Destination Marketing Partner (Google)

 

The panel discussion started off with an brilliant introduction by Mr. Brian Frontin, strategy consultant and advocate for the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises across the region. He stated that we cannot afford to go back to pre-Covid 19 conditions in the approach to tourism but instead, we must take the opportunity to build forward better and adopt a more digitalized, inclusive and sustainable approach to tourism.

Our keynote speaker Natalia Bayona outlined how significantly tourism exports have contributed to the growth of small islands. She stated that up to 80% of exports are reliant on the tourism industry. The UNWTO is trying to lead by example by promoting innovation throughout the region. The aim is to achieve sustainable innovation by using sustainable policies.

Dr. Lisa Indar highlighted the role of CARPHA in creating a more sustainable and safe Tourism sector. Dr. Indar also spoke about the Travellers’ Health Information System collects information from tourists in a confidential manner and can give an early warning and response to potential outbreaks. The system was expanded to include not only accommodation centres, but bars, restaurants and tour operators. Yachts and cruise ships will be added to list in the coming months.

She shared the release of the CARPHA travel health app which helps keep persons aware of travel country requirements, travel protocols as well as testing and vaccine requirements in Caribbean countries. In addition, the app posts alerts and warnings for other diseases such as dengue. The link for the app is: https://carpha.org/THP/Caribbean-Travellers-Health-App

Sybil Welsh discussed DCash and the implementation of it throughout the Eastern Caribbean to encourage the economic development and stability of MSMEs. With DCash, small business who do not have bank accounts can afford to use the digital currency to develop their business. The app allows businesses to send money across Eastern Caribbean countries and is also very simple to set up and easy to use. For more information about DCash visit : https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/p/what-you-should-know-1

Jessica Bensley believes that there are four key elements for digital requirements for MSMEs to be competitive regionally and internationally. These are: a digital presence, a CRN – content management system to host current and potential clients, an accounting software to keep track of financial records and payment gateways. However, some of the challenges faced by MSME’s is the lack of access to payment gateways and accessing them in various international currencies. In order to operate throughout the region, businesses must have bank accounts in multiple countries which sometimes is not feasible and extremely burdensome. In order to overcome this challenge, payment platforms which inspire confidence and trust need to be created for small business to use. These platforms should be able to give access to MSME’s and their clients in various currencies, to allow ease of use and access to funds.

Founder and CEO of WIPay, Aldwyn Wayne agrees with Jessica on the challenges that face the region but believes that WIPay is focused on some of those solutions. given the challenges faced by MSMEs. He states that WIPay is essentially the PayPal of the Caribbean as it is a payment facilitator and any business can use it. As a payment facilitator, WIPay allows any company to download a plugin add it to a site, configure bank account settings, and start processing transactions within twenty-four (24) hours. WIPay is a valuable tool which allows for tourists to use micro and small business to pay for goods and services in micro and small businesses without having tourists having to convert their cards to cash. This reduces the hassle of going into the bank or using automated teller machines to get local currency. Currently, WIPay is being rolled out in Jamaica, and many other countries.

Finally, Iva Kutle Skrlec spoke about how Google data and insights can be used in the tourism industry to assist MSMEs and tourism officials in gathering real time information about travel destinations. This tourism and travel tool allows users to track trends in arrivals, compare previous years with the present and showcase new and upcoming destinations. It can also highlight the demand patterns from various countries of origin.  The two main tools are: destination insights and hotel insights. With destination insights one can monitor travel demand from any country of origin into the destination country. The Hotel Insight tool works like the travel insights but shows trends in hotels and places of accommodation. These tools showcase how businesses and governments can use real-time technology to gain much needed data and information about market demand. Here is the link to Destination Insights:  https://travelinsights.withgoogle.com/intl/en/ 

Jose Ricardo Diaz
Jose Ricardo Diaz Moderator

Dear all,

Thank you very much for your active participation. I am José Ricardo Díaz and I will be one of the moderators for this week. Happy to meet you and to continue discussing on digitalization for MSMEs. 

Currently, I work for the Innovation Team of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), specially with the programmes aimed at enabling startups from across the tourism value chain to grow and scale to meet new demands and challenges trough solutions for the sector.

To this end, we encourage key stakeholders to work together - namely: Governments, corporations, institutions, education centers, investors, entrepreneurs and innovation hubs - to allow the flow of knowledge, investments and support to groundbreaking projects. 

I have read truly interesting insights from you, Jessica Bensley Laura Hildebrandt  Nerissa Golden Glendon Langaigne  @Nini, covering topics such as digital payments, online presence, training, doing business facilitation, on-site operations, data management, wi-fi, among others. 

Now that we have these challenges  identified, I would like to invite you to share concrete examples of projects and technologies to address them, considering a comprehensive digitalization process of the tourism value chain and a tech-backed traveler's journey for the sake of everyone in the Caribbean.

Let's start.

  • Have you found any solution/projects that can inspire the adoption of technology to address the above-mentioned challenges?
  • Which technology would you like to implement for your business/destination operations?

Afterwards, I will be pleased to share some experiences from UNWTO in this regard.

Thank you very much!

Nerissa Golden
Nerissa Golden

We want to become the local travel hub for the hospitality sector first in Montserrat and then to other EC islands. This hub offer a virtual website, booking platform for local suppliers. It would process payments, manage their social media and give them an active space online to promote their business.

Most suppliers simply do not have time, the resources or know-how to handle what is required to connect with todays traveler. 

Jose Ricardo Diaz
Jose Ricardo Diaz Moderator

It is a great effort to consolidate the destination offer. Nerissa Golden, would you like to share with us if you have been inspired by other projects from other geographies or any specific technology? It would be interesting to go into more details and features in our discussion. Looking forward to know more!

 

 

Nerissa Golden
Nerissa Golden

Jose Ricardo Diaz It comes from a combination of ideas. A few years ago I entered a pitch competition to create an app to do this. I was unable to pursue it but the need is still there.

There are travel apps around the world and some platforms which offer a joined up experience to explore a destination.

The idea still needs to be developed in a way that the providers still have some agency. The model we will use has not been finalized.

Jose Ricardo Diaz
Jose Ricardo Diaz Moderator

Nerissa Golden Thank you very much for sharing. I would recommend to always have the most intuitive platform possible both for tourists and tour operators, while keeping a strong approach on the local experiences that makes the Caribbean islands unique. 

I will make a compilation of interesting startups that have been using technology and innovative business models to support their communities. I hope you can check them to take more guidance and my best wishes on this journey!

Jose Ricardo Diaz
Jose Ricardo Diaz Moderator

Dear discussion members, I would like to highlight the questions I have raised a couple of days ago in order to grab more information with you before sharing startup examples for digitalization.

  • Have you found any solution/projects that can inspire the adoption of technology to address the above-mentioned challenges?
  • Which technology would you like to implement for your business/destination operations?

Looking forward!

Jose Ricardo Diaz
Jose Ricardo Diaz Moderator

This time, I would like to share a selection of startups from UNWTO's Startup Competitions and Innovation Challenges. They feature new business models, technology applications and social impact initiatives that may be of inspiration for advancing digitalization in SMEs. While some have been designed to build individual meaningful experiences, others specialize in integrating tourism products and services, facilitating traveling and increasing the inclusion of local communities in the tourism sector. Coming from a wide array of sectors, they help destinations to achieve sustainability in the wider sense.

Tours, itineraries and digitalization of local offer

Women travel and inclusiveness

  • La Voyageuse (France) - Meet trusted women hosts for your next solo trip.
  • Sisterwave (Brazil) - Social network that  empowers and connects the female traveler to a community just for women (travelers and local hosts) who are willing to support each other and offer travel services among them. 

Accesible tourism

  • Wheel the World - Touristic activities for people with disabilities, their friends, and family. 
  • Travaxy (Israel) - Solving the disabled/elderly booking problems, B2B APIs/SaaS for travelers with disabilities and senior travelers who need assistance, enabling travel agents/online travel agents to book a worry-free holiday in minutes and ensure a worry-free experience.  

Community-based tourism

Other

  • Nibi (Colombia) - Social tech that transforms people’s impact actions, like donations and high impact volunteer experiences, into virtual points they can exchange for discounts in sustainable brands.

We have gathered winners and finalists of our programmes at: https://www.unwto.org/finalists-from-unwto-innovation-competitions-and-challenges 

On the other hand, let me encourage you to enjoy the UNWTO Tourism Online Academy, the platform to develop skills the tourism sector.

And, if you have any local tourism project, we invite you to participate in the UNWTO Global Rural Tourism Startup Competition, a programme for entrepreneurship in non-urban areas.

Thank you very much! I will remain available!

 

 

Krystal Yearwood
Krystal Yearwood

Submission written by Kemuel Lodrick

One thing I have noticed while travelling, which has  actually been a long while ago.

Upon exit or entry of a country, it is mandated that one fills out a form with their name, passport number, date of birth and a host of other information which as intended address. I feel that this form is very obsolete and archaic. Everything captured on this form could be done a lot more efficiently, especially in a time where the majority of individuals travelling own a smartphone or tablet. Also in a time where we are trying to be conscious about the environment, I do not see this use of paper to be justifiable.

To these ends, I have developed a mobile application that will allow you to fill in the details of the form. One benefit is information that rarely or never changes such as your Date of Birth and Passport Number can be saved and auto fill.

Also, in a post covid-19 world, it would be wise to minimize the time spent at immigration counters in transit.

Jose Ricardo Diaz
Jose Ricardo Diaz Moderator

Thank you very much for sharing your initiative. Technology is indeed the key to advance towards recovery.

From UNWTO, we have designed a Digital Health Passes Compendium (https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2021-04/Digital-Passes-Compendium.pdf) highlighting principles such as interoperability for facilitating traveling and restoring confidence.

I hope this document can be a good reference for you.

Best regards,