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This volume focuses on two world regions historically linked by human mobility and cultural exchange but now responding to significant demographic changes and new migration trends. These changes include the reversal in the direction of... more
This volume focuses on two world regions historically linked by human mobility and cultural exchange but now responding to significant demographic changes and new migration trends. These changes include the reversal in the direction of flows, the greater heterogeneity of migrant groups, the strong pull of women leaders in family migration projects, the concentration of newcomers in non-traditional destinations, the emergence of new migration cross-regional corridors, the increase in non-voluntary displacements, the intensification of dual or multiple engagements of migrants in the country of origin and residence, and the development of new forms of citizenship beyond borders.

The study of these issues has until now largely remained compartmentalised by area studies approaches, focused either on Latin America or Europe as regions with distinct trajectories and interests, and concentrated at the national level of politics and policies. In contrast, this volume aims at making a unique contribution by providing an integrated view revolving around the link between the two regions and an analysis that gives due consideration to national, regional, and local dynamics. It presents diverse views on only some selected issues that thus far have not been connected and are of relevance for scholars and practitioners alike. 

Our goal is to identify a range of viable and creative strategies that state and non-state actors in both Latin America and Europe are using to address the implications of transnational human mobility in the twenty-first century. These strategies include state policies to govern populations as well as a broad array of partnerships between states, international organizations, activist groups, migrant associations, think-tanks, business groups, and religious and other non-governmental organizations. It includes a small sample of migrant strategies and narratives as well which illustrate individual perceptions of the processes and the connection between micro and macro dynamics. The term “shaping” summarizes here the various forms of formal and informal approaches to collaboration (or lack of) in the management of migration issues.
Please find the table of contents and list of contributors attached.
Migration policies are rarely effective. Examples of unintended and undesirable outcomes abound. In Latin America, very little is known about the impact and long-term sustainability of state policies towards emigrants. Following a... more
Migration policies are rarely effective. Examples of unintended and undesirable outcomes abound. In Latin America, very little is known about the impact and long-term sustainability of state policies towards emigrants. Following a world-wide trend, Ecuador, Uruguay, Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil have developed new institutions and discourses to strengthen links; assist, protect and enfranchise migrants, and capture their resources. As an adaptation of governmental techniques to global realities, these policies redefine the contours of polities, nations, and citizenship, giving place to a new form of transnational governance.

Building upon field research done in these five states and two main destinations in the last decade, Ana Margheritis explains the timing, motivations, characteristics, and implications of emigration policies implemented by each country, as well as the emergence of a distinctive regional consensus around a post-neoliberal approach to national development and citizenship construction. Margheritis argues that these outreach efforts resemble courting practices. Courting is a deliberate expression of the ambivalent, still incipient, and open-ended relationship between states and diasporas which is not exempt of conflict, detours, and setbacks. For various reasons, state-diaspora relations are not unfolding into stable and fruitful partnerships yet. Thus, she makes “diaspora engagement” problematic and investigates to what extent courting might become engagement in each case.

Studying emigration policies of five Latin American countries and migrant responses in Southern Europe sheds light on the political dynamics and governance mechanisms that transnational migration is generating across regions. It illuminates possible venues to manage multiple engagements of migrants with societies at both ends of their migration journey and unveils the opportunities for states and non-state actors to cooperatively manage of migration flows.

Ana Margheritis is Reader in International Relations at the University of Southampton.  Her areas of expertise include transnational migration, comparative regional integration, foreign policy, Inter-American relations, and Latin American political economy.
This study explores emigrants’ motivations to form associations, their activities and engagement with home politics, and whether diaspora policies impinge on their practices. It focuses on Uruguayans abroad, who are a relevant case of... more
This study explores emigrants’ motivations to form associations, their activities and engagement with home politics, and whether diaspora policies impinge on their practices. It focuses on Uruguayans abroad, who are a relevant case of migrant transnationalism. Building upon qualitative methods, it explores their associational life in a main destination: Spain. The findings contribute to expand our knowledge of a relatively less explored diaspora, document associations’ transnational activities and evolution, and revisit debates on the dynamics of diaspora politics and transnational engagements with home/host politics, which in this case remain intermittent and fragmented, albeit intense and highly localised. The notion of building bridges of various sorts emerges as a signifier that gives meaning to individual and collective engagements. This opens new research venues and contributes to analytical refinement as to incorporate migrant transnational practices that are not neatly patterned, sustained in time, and simultaneously identifiable in host and home contexts.
This article aims to expand our understanding of how diverse crises affect the evolution of migration governance. Building upon an interdisciplinary framework, it proposes a nuanced notion of migration crisis, qualified as ‘nested,’ and... more
This article aims to expand our understanding of how diverse crises affect the evolution of migration governance. Building upon an interdisciplinary framework, it proposes a nuanced notion of migration crisis, qualified as ‘nested,’ and illustrates its application through an interpretative synthesis of empirical works and primary sources on responses to the massive emigration of Venezuelans to South American countries at the peak of the outflow (2017-2019). This conceptual and analytical exercise highlights the interplay of national and regional dynamics and fills some gaps in existing accounts regarding what governability entails, and the nature, scope, and reasons of governance evolution. It shows that policy choices were embedded in and shaped by several critical structural conditions and junctures; disagreement on problem definition precluded cooperation, redefined the role of key actors and the construction of the crisis narrative; apparent contradictions between rhetoric and practice were rather a re-framing of complementary (humanitarian/securitization) interventions.
Why hasn’t Uruguay enfranchised emigrants yet? Guided by this question, this study examines a relatively under-researched case of non-enfranchisement and engages with debates on external voting, diaspora politics, and citizenship beyond... more
Why hasn’t Uruguay enfranchised emigrants yet? Guided by this question, this study examines a relatively under-researched case of non-enfranchisement and engages with debates on external voting, diaspora politics, and citizenship beyond borders. Building upon qualitative and participatory methods, the analysis unveils the obstacles to franchise reform despite significant progress in 2004-2019. Although external voting is not enacted legally, emigrants’ voting rights were repeatedly debated, formally acknowledged, and encouraged. It is not the lack of norm entrepreneurs but the cumulative effect of indecisive actions that perpetuates a counterproductive dynamic and de facto uneven access to this right. A convoluted, unresolved debate simultaneously advances conversations but precludes compromises, turning resolution deferral into an implicit form of regulating emigrants’ political inclusion/exclusion. Bringing original evidence, this study expands existing accounts, highlights the interaction between institutional and social drivers of change, and invites further research on the role of policy diffusion, domestic politics, and timing.
2018 was a rocky year for Argentina. Economic instability put it on the brink of crisis again and eroded the government’s credibility. This study provides an analysis of the main social, political and economic events affecting Argentina’s... more
2018 was a rocky year for Argentina. Economic instability put it on the brink of crisis again and eroded the government’s credibility. This study provides an analysis of the main social, political and economic events affecting Argentina’s domestic politics and foreign policy then. It accounts for selected issues, with an emphasis on changes in public policies and implications for the upcoming years. The argumentative thread focuses on the consequences of Argentina’s being haunted by the spectre of one more debacle. Within changes in public policies, the focus is on the end of a gradual approach to structural changes and initiatives related to population and human mobility across borders –a policy area that has required increasing attention and resources lately.
This study addresses the development of public policies within transnational spaces and, in particular, states’ attempts to establish or cultivate links with citizens residing abroad. This practice has intensified lately in all regions of... more
This study addresses the development of public policies within transnational spaces and, in particular, states’ attempts to establish or cultivate links with citizens residing abroad. This practice has intensified lately in all regions of the world and carries important implications for the evolutions of the concepts of sovereignty and citizenship, as well as citizens’ exercise of their political rights. This work focuses on the case of Argentina in the 2000-2015 period to observe recent attempts to reach out to Argentines abroad. It analyses the evolution of state initiatives and the factors shaping emigrants’ responses, with particular emphasis on the exercise of voting rights from afar. The study contributes to unveil the political and institutional dynamics surrounding attempts to govern populations across geographical distances and the redefinition of citizenship beyond borders in one of the least explored cases in the literature.
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This paper explores the politics of intermittent and selective inclusion in home politics of Argentines abroad. It accounts for franchise reform initiatives and unveils factors that go beyond the act of voting but shape it. It traces the... more
This paper explores the politics of intermittent and selective inclusion in home politics of Argentines abroad. It accounts for franchise reform initiatives and unveils factors that go beyond the act of voting but shape it. It traces the unfolding and stalemate of an incipient diaspora engagement policy to explain the limits to effective political inclusion of Argentine citizens living abroad today. Thus, it contributes to our understanding of the politics and institutional dynamics of the franchise and citizenship reform in one of the least explored cases in the literature.
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Only in the mid-1990s did Brazil join the world-wide trend of states having diaspora engagement policies, and implemented specific programmes to address the needs and claims of its citizens abroad. In contrast to other Latin American... more
Only in the mid-1990s did Brazil join the world-wide trend of states having diaspora engagement policies, and implemented specific programmes to address the needs and claims of its citizens abroad. In contrast to other Latin American countries, it did so following a low-visibility, technical approach led by consular offices, including very cautious attempts to organize emigrants and regulate their gradual access to migration policy-making. It also tied these outreach efforts to the building up of a global role in international affairs. This article analyses the politics and impact of these processes on foreign policy management, with special emphasis on the implications of these changes in terms of adapting policy instruments to a new notion of citizenship beyond borders and innovative techniques to manage populations abroad. It also investigates these issues in one major destination for Brazilians abroad: London, where Brazilians have lately become the largest Latin American community, but have faced serious obstacles to improving their resources for organization and mobilization. The findings suggest some discrepancies and tensions among officials’ views and between policy design and actual results, thus illustrating a gap between foreign policy goals and implementation capacity at both the global and local levels. Thus, regarding the practice of foreign policy-making, the article provides novel information about recent institutional changes in state bureaucracies and the uncertainties and uneven impact of policy implementation. It also casts some doubts on Brazil’s overall capacity to carry out a global strategy in this realm.
Enfranchising emigrants implicitly involves inviting them to have a voice and increasing engagement in home politics, thus maintaining active membership of their nation of origin. However, in the Latin American Southern Cone (as well as... more
Enfranchising emigrants implicitly involves inviting them to have a voice and increasing engagement in home politics, thus maintaining active membership of their nation of origin. However, in the Latin American Southern Cone (as well as in several other countries in the region), both state policies and expats’ responses have fallen short of making that invitation effective. What explains this inclusion paradox? Why, while franchise is expanding has effective political inclusion of citizens living abroad not materialized? This article addresses these questions for the cases of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Conclusions highlight relatively unexplored explanatory factors and enhance our understanding of the links between migration policy innovation and political inclusion beyond borders in some of the least studied cases in the literature.
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The negotiation of migration issues within the Latin American Southern Cone Market (Mercosur) has gained momentum lately and has followed a specific (relatively autonomous and fast) dynamic that is unprecedented and contrasts with the... more
The negotiation of migration issues within the Latin American Southern Cone Market (Mercosur) has gained momentum lately and has followed a specific (relatively autonomous and fast) dynamic that is unprecedented and contrasts with the slow and conflictive negotiations to achieve the bloc's economic goals. This study explains why negotiations to harmonize migration policies are taking place, why now, and how this is happening in a way that contradicts previous assumptions. It highlights a number of facts and explanatory factors largely neglected by the existing literature, such as: (1) instable political contexts in which social inequality, marginalization, and discontent call attention to socio-political issues and prompt state attempts to regulate human mobility cooperatively; (2) regional leadership that is not simply based on relative power and economic interests but on ideologically-loaded political projects and key actors who forge and legitimize a post-neoliberal consensus linking domestic and foreign policy strategies; (3) policy networks of private and public actors whose ideas inform top policy-makers discourses and contribute to the processes of socialization of policy elites, construction of shared understandings, and cultivation of cooperative practices that feed regional integration. The findings and conclusions shed light on the interplay between domestic politics and foreign policy, as well as the processes of coalition- and identity-building that are allowing South American governments to expand cooperation in a piecemeal and somewhat inconsistent fashion.
Abstract This article focuses on when and how states develop transnational policies. It presents a case study of a relatively small emigrant community, whose departure was not simply caused by poverty or crisis, but most recently by an... more
Abstract This article focuses on when and how states develop transnational policies. It presents a case study of a relatively small emigrant community, whose departure was not simply caused by poverty or crisis, but most recently by an economic and political debacle that questioned people's values and expectations. I focus on the state side of the equation and identify a shift in Argentina's policy after 2003, though also show how such policies came out of a long history of state intervention in population and migration and are now related to human rights concerns and the unfinished process of democratic consolidation. I argue that the state initiates political transnationalism, not migrants, and highlight the importance of some relatively unexplored factors in the understanding of the motivation, intensity and impact of the state's involvement, such as the characteristics of the emigrant community, the existence of specific political projects, the role of some domestic actors and processes, and the nature of international agreements.
This article explores why Argentine president Fernando de la Rúa (1999–2001) failed to govern and the factors that prevented him from compelting his constitutional mandate. This study draw on current literature about leadership. We argue... more
This article explores why Argentine president Fernando de la Rúa (1999–2001) failed to govern and the factors that prevented him from compelting his constitutional mandate. This study draw on current literature about leadership. We argue that President De la Rúa’s ineffective performance was characteristic of an inflexible tendency towards unilateralism, isolationism, and an inability to compromise and persuade. Moreover, we examine how de la Rúas performance, in the context of severe political and economic constraints, discouraged cooperative practices among political actors, led to decision-making paralysis, and ultimately to a crisis of governance This work seeks to make four contributions. First, it conceptualizes political leadership by providing an analytical framework that integrates individual action, institutional resources and constraints, and policy context, thus filling a gap in the literature. Second, it explains the importance of effective leadership in building up and maintaining multiparty coalitions in presidential systems. Third, it complements existing institutional approaches to improve our understanding of a new type of instability in Latin America: the failure of more than a dozen of presidents to complete their constitutional mandates. Fourth, it analyzes the way political and economic variables interact in times of crisis.
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International migration in Latin America exhibited significant changes in the second half of the twentieth century, challenging governments to adapt institutions, legal frameworks, policy practices and discourses to new realities. The... more
International migration in Latin America exhibited significant changes in the second half of the twentieth century, challenging governments to adapt institutions, legal frameworks, policy practices and discourses to new realities. The harmonization of migration policies at the regional level was intense in the 2000s and reflected a new consensus on how to manage increasing intra-regional migration flows multilaterally. New regional agreements, border control coordination, national legislation update and an incipient project to foster regional citizenship represent emerging forms of governance; they embodied ideas about the contribution of migration to national development and an emphasis on human rights and the socio-economic and cultural entitlements of migrants.
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Latin American Studies, Latin American politics, Immigration, Regional and Local Governance, Governance, and 29 more
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European Studies, Latin American Studies, International Relations, Transnationalism, Diasporas, and 39 more
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Innovative migration governance mechanisms have been rapidly evolving in Latin America in the last two decades. More recently, new policies have emerged to address both longstanding and unexpected pressing issues, such as the vast and... more
Innovative migration governance mechanisms have been rapidly evolving in Latin America in the last two decades. More recently, new policies have emerged to address both longstanding and unexpected pressing issues, such as the vast and sudden flows from Venezuela and Central America. Focusing on two main sub-regions (Central and South America) and five main areas of state involvement (irregular immigration, border control, diaspora engagement policies, multilateral management of intra-regional mobility, and forced migration), we revisit the argument that a distinctive Latin American approach emerged at the turn of the century. We document growing policy divergence across countries and subregions, which is rendering the region increasingly in line with global trends.
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Invited speaker talk, inaugural ceremony, 2nd National Roundtable on Human Mobility, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility of Ecuador, 31 August 2018.
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ESRC Impact Acceleration Award.
Project: Citizenship and extra-territorial voting rights in Uruguay.
Further information at: https://www.facebook.com/ciudananiauy/
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Also available in Spanish at:
Boletín Fundación EU-LAC ” Migración y Diáspora”
https://goo.gl/tUAedR
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The University of Southampton is delighted to host the Society for Latin American Studies (SLAS) for its annual conference on 22-23 March 2018 at the University’s Winchester campus. The theme of the 2018 SLAS Conference is: Latin... more
The University of Southampton is delighted to host the Society for Latin American Studies (SLAS) for its annual conference on 22-23 March 2018 at the University’s Winchester campus.
The theme of the 2018 SLAS Conference is:

Latin American Studies Around the World

Around the world the field of Latin American Studies has undergone significant changes over the last 50 years. These changes have responded to dramatic transformations in the constitution of the objects and subjects of research. National security and international development strategies still shape the field in many places, although global designs are also evident. Indeed, the themes of the recent and upcoming Latin American Studies Association (LASA) meetings (2017 and 2018) reflect this trend. In the UK, the field is still shaped by national interests and horizons. There is, for example, a marked institutional trend to house area studies in cultural and language studies departments. At the same time, shifting research performance demands and funding priorities have contributed to a decline of area studies (see ILAS 2014 Report) with, perhaps unsurprisingly, Latin American Studies fairing the worst.

The UK situation contrasts notably with that of the US, much of Europe and indeed Latin America, where Latin American Studies Centres are normally independent of language and cultural studies departments, and where greater disciplinary diversity is often evident, particularly in the social, historical, economic and natural sciences. At the same time, global research networks and publishing now routinely trespass national and regional institutional conventions and borders, creating a fluid situation that often contrasts with local or national arrangements. More recently, interest in Latin American Studies has been institutionalised in Japan, China, India, South Africa, and elsewhere. In what ways are these initiatives shaping the contours of the global field?

We invite critical reflection on the history and current state of Latin American Studies in the UK and around the world. How and why is Latin American Studies organized and practiced differently in its various national and institutional locations? What can be learned from these differences? To what extent are such differences mediated by global networks of exchange? To what purposes or callings does Latin American Studies respond today? How might Latin American Studies in the UK engage or indeed drive global trends more effectively?

We look forward to your participation in this event.

The Organising Committee
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Notas de la ponencia presentada en el 4to. Encuentro Regional de Consejos Consultivos de Uruguayos en el Exterior, Embajada de Uruguay en  Paris, 29-30 de Agosto de 2016.
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This year the Institute for Latin American Studies at the School of Advance Study, University of London, have situated global issues (including migration) at the top of their agenda for debate. They invited me to co-organize an... more
This year the Institute for Latin American Studies at the School of Advance Study, University of London, have situated global issues (including migration) at the top of their agenda for debate. They invited me to co-organize an interdisciplinary conference with broad aims.
Please find more details in the call for papers attached.
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