Abstract
Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) are one of the concepts developed to reduce the impact of cities and districts on overall carbon emissions. Given the innovation brought by this concept, the implementation of PEDs comes with a series of challenges. These range from the high use of renewable energy sources, through the need of a positive balance at the end of the year. To have a more optimized deployment, it is important to understand what are the must have’s that are necessary to consider when modelling PEDs. This paper aims at investigating and presenting these must haves for modelling PEDs and analyzing them in relation with some of the most common definitions of PEDs to understand how this affects the modelling of a PED. The identified must haves, i.e. the loads and the technologies, the spatial and temporal dimension and the objective function, specify how PEDs are modelled when the most strict definition is considered. However, in the case of a virtual PED, which is the less strict definition, the differences of modelling a PED compared to a normal district are almost none.
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Acknowledgements
The paper was developed within the author's participation in the IEA Energy in Buildings and Communities (EBC) Annex 83 Positive Energy Districts. Eurac Research collaboration in this paper has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, Innovative Training Networks, Grant Agreement No 812730 (SMART BEEjS). CARTIF is a Cervera's Centre of Excellence, granted by the Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Centre for Technological and Industrial Development (CDTI) under the work record CER20191019. CARTIF’s collaboration in this paper has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 824418 (MAKING-CITY). University of Deusto has received funds from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 864374 (ATELIER). This research was supported by NSERC funding for the Canada Excellence Research Chair in Smart, Sustainable and Resilient Cities and Communities at Concordia University.
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Bottecchia, L., Gabaldón, A., Castillo-Calzadilla, T., Soutullo, S., Ranjbar, S., Eicker, U. (2022). Fundamentals of Energy Modelling for Positive Energy Districts. In: Littlewood, J.R., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L.C. (eds) Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2021 . Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 263. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6269-0_37
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