Elsevier

Energy

Volume 201, 15 June 2020, 117619
Energy

Comparing individual and coordinated demand response with dynamic and static power grid tariffs

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117619Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • A two-stage stochastic program is developed to analyze capacity-based grid tariffs.

  • We analyze responses for both spot price variation and grid tariff signals.

  • More frequent tariff adjustment triggers more peak shaving.

  • Combined load signals trigger combined peak shaving more effectively.

  • Coordinated flexibility responses allow for more individual load variability.

Abstract

This paper investigates cost-optimal operation of flexible electricity assets with a capacity-based power grid tariff involving power subscription. The purpose of this research is to identify the characteristics of a subscribed capacity-based tariff that promotes efficient network development through demand response. Using historical load data, we compare two consumers with flexible assets being billed by their individual load versus their combined and coordinated loads in a two-stage stochastic program. The frequency of adjusting the subscribed capacity level (weekly versus annually) influences the effectiveness of the tariff in terms of reducing loads that dimension the grid. The results show that weekly subscription on average provides 56% cost savings, while annual subscription on average provides 3% cost savings. A combined annual peak load reduction of 15% occurs when the combined subscription level is adjusted weekly. We also find that when the subscription level is adjusted weekly, the load reduction is cost efficient even when capacity is not scarce, which ought to be avoided. Depending on where a bottleneck in the grid is located, the price signal should be based on the combined load of several consumers rather than individual loads if combined peak load shaving is to be cost-optimal.

Keywords

Power grid regulation
Demand response
Prosumage
Energy flexibility

Abbreviations

C1
Campus 1
C2
Campus 2
CA
Combined annual subscription scheme
CW
Combined weekly subscription scheme
DG
Distributed generation
DSO
Distribution system operator
IA
Individual annual subscription scheme
IW
Individual weekly subscription scheme
PV
Photovoltaic
RES
Renewable energy source

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