Edward J Steele

The reverse transcriptase (RT) model of immunoglobulin (Ig) somatic hypermutation (SHM) has received insufficient scientific attention. This is understandable given that DNA deamination mediated by activationinduced deaminase (AID), the initiating step of Ig SHM, has dominated experiments since 2002. We summarise some key history of the RT Ig SHM model dating to 1987. For example, it is now established that DNA polymerase η, the sole DNA repair polymerase involved in post-replication short-patch repair, is an efficient cellular RT. This implies that it is potentially able to initiate target site reverse transcription by RNA-directed DNA repair at AID-induced lesions. Recently, DNA polymerase θ has also been shown to be an efficient cellular RT. Since DNA polymerase θ plays no significant role in Ig SHM, it could serve a similar RNA-dependent DNA polymerase role as DNA polymerase η at non-Ig loci in the putative RNA-templated nucleotide excision repair of bulky adducts and other mutagenic lesions on the transcribed strand. A major yet still poorly recognised consequence of the proposed RT process in Ig SHM is the generation of significant and characteristic strandbiased mutation signatures at both deoxyadenosine/deoxythymidine and deoxyguanosine/deoxycytidine base pairs. In this historical perspective, we highlight how diagnostic strand-biased mutation signatures are detected in vivo during SHM at both Ig loci in germinal centre B lymphocytes and non-Ig loci in cancer genomes. These strand-biased signatures have been significantly obscured by technical issues created by improper use of the polymerase chain reaction technique. A heightened awareness of this fact should contribute to better data interpretation and somatic mutation pattern recognition both at Ig and non-Ig loci.

This is an important paper providing COVID-19 genomic RNA sequence evidence with a direct bearing on the time of arrival of first detections of COVID-19 genomes on Earth, in the Lombardy region of Italy after October 11, 2019 (the time of the putative life bearing meteorite strike in the stratosphere over Jilin NE China on the 40 o N Latitude line). There have been other spot sightings of COVID-19 from November 2019 in China and elsewhere prior to the main explosive epidemic across China from late December 2019 and through January 2020. Those reports are mainly from serology which are equivocal, but believable in some cases, see our discussions of Althoff et al 2020 data brought to our attention by George Howard in [1], and our analysis of the highly questionable data of Apalone et al 2021 about to be published in [2].

This article discusses the basic immunological evidence on why the "Jab in the Arm" vaccines rolled out for COVID-19 could not provide protection or prevent transmission of COVID-19 or any other similar type of infections (viral, bacterial) that enter via the oral nasal portal of entry and cause disease in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Our analysis of the evidence has been confirmed by Dr Anthony Fauci and his colleagues who have completely reversed their assessment of all the vaccine mandates and now conclude the public health response was a complete failure. We discuss the importance of both Innate and acquired Adaptive Mucosal immunity, involving principally dimeric secretory IgA , in respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract infections.

• Sudden Origins COVID-19 Across China Dec-Jan 2020? Animal reservoir jump?/Wet Market jump?-Implausible. Not supported by scientific evidence. Wuhan Lab leak/Bioweapon Leak Theory?-Implausible. Not supported by scientific evidence Meteorite origins ?-Very plausible. Life bearing carbonaceous meteor strike over China Oct 11 2019. Large amount of evidence consistent with this explanation-distributed first and foremost by prevailing global wind systems (e,g. initially 40o N line) and weather, including Space Weather (Solar Pulses) causing viral epidemic-causing sudden strikes at widely dispersed global regions and hemispheres at same time-heavily contaminates environment that human beings touch etc. • Global pandemic of harmless common cold-0.1% exposed at risk of dying if untreated by therapy • Immune Defenceless Elderly Co-Morbids-Vulnerable subset median age 84 yr (Vic Aust 2020)-this group lacks immediately reactive & protective Innate Immunity via Interferon Stimulated Gene (ISG) products against all aspects the pathogen life cycle (Evolutionarily Determined) • Vaccine 'jab in arm' does not activate Mucosal Secretory IgA Immunity-Immunology 101 • Vaccine also non-safety tested, very dangerous-the highly novel 'genetic' mRNA expression "vaccine' unleashed by mandate on the world now clearly >100 x more dangerous than any other vaccine in history(USA DoD Bioweapon Counter Measure? (Altman 2023)Operation 'Warped Speed') • Back flip by Dr. Anthony Fauci-White House Chief of Vaccine Rollouts, Mandates and Lockdowns now admits complete Public Health failure of response particularly Public Health failure of any licensed vaccine to stimulate mucosal secretory IgA in upper and lower respiratory tracts (coronaviruses, influenza viruses and related respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens. Interview on TNT Radio on these themes:TNT Radio with Richard Carsson on Politically Incorrect- Sat 18 Feb 2023 Summary Main Features of COVID-19 Pandemic  https://tntradiolive.podbean.com/e/professor-edward-j-ted-steele-on-politically-incorrect-18-february-2023/

A news article by News Corp journalist Frank Chung appeared Tuesday 20 Dec 2022 at News.com.au Google News online site. This story got hardly any coverage in the Australian free to air main stream media nor in any mainstream print media. The full text of the article is pasted below after the text of the group email entitled Subject: AMA Chiefs & Covid Vaxxing. It is primary addressed to the new incoming President of the AMA and the country’s leading senior Immunologists, Epidemiologists and writers at The Australian newspaper responsible for driving much of the hysteria and propaganda on mandatory vaccine and lockdown policy in Australia.  The lead sentence of Frank Chung’s article is : “In an explosive submission to Parliament’s Long Covid inquiry, the former Australian Medical Association (AMA) president has broken her silence about the “devastating” experience — emerging as the most prominent public health figure in the country to speak up about the taboo subject “

Many of us believe this is a turning point and milestone in Australia. Dr Phelps has been a former Australian Medical Association (AMA) President, and a former Member of Federal Parliament. The AMA is the peak medical body representing all doctors (GPs and Specialists) in Australia. During the Covid-19 pandemic the AMA was in the fore front, lock step, with all Governments , State and Federal, and all other health regulatory bodies such as the TGA ( Therapeutic Goods Administration);  AHPRA (Australian Health Professionals Regulatory Agency); ATAGI ( Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation) ; all State and Federal Chief Health /Medical Officers (CHOs/CMOs) ) that during 2020 and 2021 actively administered mandatory vaccination programs and vaccine certificates (vaccination became an employment requirement across the country), social distancing policies, lock downs, “rings of steel” around cities and at state borders, active censorship of all medical and scientific discussion, active suppression of any public protests against vaccine policies and lockdowns ( via police squads in riot gear with batons and tear gas spray and Taser guns etc)  and against of all other levels of civil society ( churches, schools etc) and many businesses.

The history and current development of the reverse transcriptase model of somatic hypermutation (RTmodel) is reviewed with particular reference to the genesis of strand-biased mutation signatures in rearranged immunoglobulin variable genes (V(D)J). The recent disagreement in the field as to whether strand bias really exists or not has been critically analysed and the confusion traced to the putative presence, in some mutated V(D)J sequence collections, of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-recombinant artefacts. Recent analysis of somatic hypermutation in xeroderma pigmentosum variant patients, by the group of PJ Gearhart and others, has established that the Y-family translesion DNA repair enzyme, DNA polymerase eta (eta), is responsible for the striking AT targeted strand-bias mutation signature seen in all mouse and human collections of somatically mutated V(D)J sequences. This evidence, together with our own recent demonstration that human DNA polymerase eta is a reverse transcriptase, leads to the conclusion that the strand-biased AT mutation signature is caused either by: (i) error-prone DNA-dependent DNA repair synthesis by pol-eta of single-strand nicks preferentially in the non-transcribed strand; and/or (ii) by error-prone cDNA synthesis of the transcribed strand by pol-eta using the pre-mRNA as the copying template, primed by the nicked transcribed DNA strand, followed by replacement of the original transcribed strand by cDNA. Analysis of the total mutation pattern also suggests that the major transitions observed in SHM (A->G, C->T and G->A) can be explained by known RNA editing mechanisms active on pre-mRNA which are then written into cDNA during synthesis of the transcribed strand by error-prone cellular reverse transcriptases such as pol-eta.

The Report by the Independent Shergold Inquiry into the Handling of the COVID-19 Pandemic by Australian Federal and State Governments as Oct 21 2022

This posting consists of:

• The report in The Australian newspaper Oct 20 2022 on the findings and recommendations of the Shergold Inquiry

• Full Shergold Report Oct 20 2022 - The Fault Lines at https://www.paulramsayfoundation.org.au

• The TNT Radio Mike Ryan Show panel discussion of the inquiry findings and recommendations on Oct 21 2022 – URL link to TNT Radio Listen Back scroll to Mike Ryan Show Robert Brennan, Ted Steele, Jeremy Beck to podcast: https://tntradio.live/episodes/
https://tntradiolive.podbean.com/e/dr-robert-brennan-prof-ted-steele-jeremy-beck-on-the-mike-ryan-show-21-october-2022/

• The original report in The Australian by Helen Trinca on the setting up of the inquiry and call for submissions- April 9 2022

• Submission to the Shergold Review panel by Edward J Steele PhD April 11 2022

• Immediate Reaction to Shergold Report in The Australian newspaper Oct 20 2022 – Text to a Bcc Group Email 20 Oct 2022

From: Ted Steele <e.j.steele@bigpond.com>
Date: Thursday, 20 October 2022 at 4:20 pm
To: Ted Steele <ejsteele48@icloud.com>

Dear Friends and Colleagues:

The mRNA Covid vaccines have been a massive and unmitigated public heath disaster for a very significant vulnerable fraction (of all ages, but the middle aged group has fared worse) of a compliant and trusting, and then a non-compliant resisting vaccine mandated population.

All politicians and the Shergold Independent Inquiry (summary attached) will clearly not address the vaccine issue in any substantial way (lack of protection or transmission, efficacy, dangerous adverse event rate, recent very public back vaccine efficacy flips by ‘BigPharma’ and CDC , etc) - I wonder why?

I made a submission to Peter Shergold on much of this several months ago, and, among other things, made it very clear it was untenable for Doherty Institute Director Prof Sharon Lewin to sit on the Inquiry Committee as she has a massive conflict of interest given the complete biomedical incompetence of the Peter Doherty Institute. A simple one-line paragraph here states “ Doherty Institute director Sharon Lewin was initially ¬appointed to the independent review panel but stepped down to avoid any perceived conflicts of interest.” So, if my submission has any impact at all these are the only surface outcomes in this syrupy totally predictable ‘independent’ political inquiry. The big issues are not being addressed by Shergold, they are being avoided.

The observations by Ciplelli et al 2022 on the corpuscular (cellular) state of the blood in 1006 post vaccinated long Covid-19 symptomatic patients are now being exposed to a wider audience beyond TNT Radio (although there is audience overlap from comments) , on the Facebook network of ‘Club Grubbery’ of Graham Hood and John Larter.† It cover much the same ground as the earlier TNT Radio interview of 8 Oct 2022†† with additional issues raised not mentioned in TNT Politically Incorrect interview  in a 1 hour 6 minute discussion and interview with Graham and John.

Feel free to distribute.

Best and thanks

Ted

††TNT Radio Politically Incorrect Sat 8 Oct 2022 https://tntradio.live/episodes/  https://tntradiolive.podbean.com/e/professor-ted-steele-on-politically-incorrect-08-october-2022/
Reviews the recent paper on the corpuscular (cellular) state of the blood in 1006 post vaccinated long Covid-19 symptomatic patients. See Cipelli RB, Giovannini F, Pisano G. (2022) Dark -Field Microscopic Analysis on the Blood of 1,006 Symptomatic Persons After Anti-COVID mRNA Injections from Pfizer/BioNtech or Moderna. Int Journal. Vaccine Theory, Practice , and Research 2 92), August 12,2022 385- 444. https://ijvtpr.com/index.php/IJVTPR/article/view/47

† Cipelli et al 2022 Repeated over similar topics with Graham Hood and John Larter in “Club Grubbery” Wed 19 Oct 2022 in “Doctors With Voices 19/10/22. Prof Ted Steele This is amazing. God bless. Stayaoutathetrees. God bless”
https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=818321422810650&extid=NS-UNK-UNK-UNK-IOS_GK0T-GK1C&ref=sharing

Also discussed with John and Graham at the end is the interview of the observations on the state of the blood by US funeral home embalmer Richard Hirschman on ZeeMedia.com published on July 20th, 2022. See Richard Hirschman interview at https://www.bitchute.com/video/eQcoa4XxiFuG/

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : STEELE,  Edward John
Current  Position : •Life Fellow, CYO Foundation
•Research Associate, Melville Analytics Pty Ltd, Melbourne
DoB : Born Darwin , NT, Oct 27  1948.

Updated Oct  18, 2022
Page No.
Academic Qualifications .... 1
Prizes and Honours .... 1
Positions held .... 1-2
Memberships Learned Societies .... 2
Conferences & Lectures .... 3-9
Publications - Books .... 10
- Papers .... 10-24
Other Original Works ….24-27
Research Funding (1986-2003) .... 22-29
Research Students Supervised ….29-30 

PDF Archive Sites for most publications and Interviews (Skype or ZOOM)
https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardJSteele
https://vixra.org/author/edward_j_steele
All Papers and Interviews on Origin and Global Spread of COVID-19 by Wickramasinghe, Steele, Gorczynski, Lindley, Tokoro, Temple, Rebhan, Wallis et al 
https://www.academia.edu/50814212/Papers_and_Summary_Interviews_on_Origin_and_Global_Spread_of_COVID_19_Wickramasinghe_and_colleagues
TNT Radio, Asia Pacific Today TV & Other Interviews on Covid-19
(Chronological order most recent first)  -  May 18 2020 - Oct 8 2022
https://www.academia.edu/88226981/Interviews_URL_links_TNT_Radio_Asia_Pacific_Today_Others_on_COVID_19

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS

Institution Date Award
Darwin High School 1966 Matriculation (Leaving Honours, S.A)
University of Adelaide 1970 B.Sc.
University of Adelaide 1971* B.Sc. (Hons 2a, Molecular Biology)
University of Adelaide 1976* Ph.D. (Immunology)
*Dept. Microbiology - Honours Supervisor Dr. P. Reeves;  Ph.D. Supervisor Prof. D. Rowley.

Ph.D Thesis  "Efficiency of Antibody Classes in Cholera Immunity" (1976, Department of Microbiology, University of Adelaide)

PRIZES AND HONOURS
The John Barker Scholarship Prize in Microbiology (University of Adelaide ) - 1972
The John Barker Scholarship in Postgraduate Medical Research (University of Adelaide ) - 1975
R Douglas Wright Medallion (University of Melbourne) - 2009

RESEARCH AND/OR TEACHING POSITIONS HELD
Period Employer Title of Position
Research Only:
1971-1975 University of Adelaide URG Scholarship;  Ph.D.
1976-1977(July) John Curtin School of Post. Doc. Fellow
Medical Research, ANU (Dept. Microbiology)
1977-1980(Mar) Ontario Cancer Institute Post. Doc. Fellow
University of Toronto
1980-1981(Apr) Clinical Research Centre Wellcome Research Fellow
Northwyck Pk. Hospital
Harrow, U.K.
1981-1984(Dec) John Curtin School of Research Fellow
Medical Research, ANU (Dept. Immunology)
1984-1985(Feb) John Curtin School of Research Fellow
Medical Research, ANU (Dept. Microbiology)
2009 (Oct)-2010 (Dec) CYO'Connor ERADE Research Director,AL &M
(Contract) Village Foundation Dawkins Fellow
2011-2103 (Dec) Melville Analytics Pty Ltd Research Director
2014 -2016 CYO'Connor ERADE Honorary Research Associate
Village Foundation
2016- CYO'Connor ERADE CYO Life Fellow
Village Foundation
2016- Melville Analytics Pty ltd Research Associate


Predominantly Teaching:
1985-1987(Dec) Dept. Biology, Lecturer
University of Wollongong (Tenured Dec. 1986)
1988-1990(Dec) Dept. of Biology Senior Lecturer
University of Wollongong (From Dec.1987)
1991- 2002 (Aug 1) Dept. of Biological Sciences Associate Professor
University of Wollongong (From Dec.1990)
Full teaching load for 16 years : 1st Yr Introductory Biology plus Molecular-Cell Biology; 2nd yr Biochemistry; 3rd yr Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology plus Hons coordination & supervision; convenor of industry sponsored Biomedical Evening Seminars for invited scientists through the late 1980s and through the 1990s. The main subjects in which I was Lecturer, Course Coordinator, Tutor and Laboratory Supervisor were Biol 103  Molecules, Cell and Organisms (variously 100-200  students); Biol 213 Principles of Biochemistry (variously 30-50 students) and Biol 321 Cellular and Molecular Immunology ( Infection & Immunity) - 15-20 students.

Research Only Honorary Positions
John Curtin School of Medical Research (Australian National University, Canberra)
Visiting Fellow 1985-1993 then Adjunct Senior Fellowship - April 1993-April 1998.
Visiting Fellow May 1998 - Dec 2003
Research School of Biological Sciences (Australian National University, Canberra)
Visiting Fellow, Genomic Interactions Group (GIG), Jan 1 2004 -> Sept 2009.
Associate of CILR (ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research) Sept 21 2004 ->Sept 2009.
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth WA
Adjunct Associate Professor 1st March 2010 - 1st March 2013.
Honorary Professor Centre for Astrobiology, University Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka, from 2018-

Memberships & Accreditation of Learned Societies & Editorial Boards
ASI -Australian Society for Immunology (since 1995)
Australian Institute of Medical Scientists (AIMS, fr 2012)
Australian Society Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA fr 2012)
Research Reports (The Company of Scientists)
International Journal of Immunology

Listed here are all the Edward J. ("Ted") Steele public domain interviews on the COVID-19 pandemic (meteorite origins, global spread by prevailing wind systems, protective local mucosal secretory IgA immunity, vaccine efficacy and pandemic aftermath and fall out) from the most recent to the first in this series dating from May 18 2020. There is a key Video Lecture interview, July 6 2021, the producer directing a cameraman by Zoom from Los Angeles (https://youtu.be/Ijc4mjiIquk). Then in succession over the next few months three interviews on Asia Pacific Today TV with Mike Ryan going over the formal ground in depth again on the cosmic origins, global spread, vaccines and immunity, and local and regional in-fall troposphere spreads creating many mystery infections in both Melbourne and in regional Victoria, Australia : https://rumble.com/vmrmmq-the-origins-of-covid-19-and-why-the-vaccines-dontwork..html https://rumble.com/vndmc4-why-there-is-no-mystery-to-covids-mystery-cases.html https://rumble.com/vpk7se-covid-19-hotel-quarantine-escapes-as-the-trigger-forvictorian-outbreaks.-t.html

Since late 2019 a pandemic infection associated with a coronavirus first identified in Wuhan, China, has ravaged global societies. Subsequently some consensus seems to be reached that recovery from socioeconomic and medical morass which had developed would involve the rapid development and implementation of the socioeconomic universal vaccination program. Without precedent, this took place in the absence of consensus on the origin and epidemiology of infection; without detailed knowledge and investigation into the nature of natural host resistance to the pathogen; by "speed-tracking" novel vaccine designs for clinical use, without refined knowledge of possible short-term and longer-term implications of vaccine administration; and perhaps most reprehensible, by essentially mandating vaccine uptake by imposing draconian restrictions on non-vaccinated individuals on a worldwide basis. The medical/bioethical/sociological and philosophical literature has been inundated with contradictory interpretations of both the justification for, and evidence of, the usefulness of these approaches. In the following review we have highlighted what we believe to have been the major fallacies in many of the arguments raised in support of the current dogmas, and identify some key points which suggest a way forward to a more rational approach to tackling the next pandemic when, rather than if, it arrives.

The authors comment on, and discuss the flaws inherent in, a recently published review by the Chair of Global Public Health at the University of Edinburgh which concluded with her summation that some scientists just refuse to accept that they "got in wrong" in their discussion of many of the faults with the way governments, scientists and clinicians in general handled the response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We suggest that this polemic has added nothing useful in terms of meaningful discussion of the pandemic, and worse, belittles the conflicting cogent arguments that there is indeed a wealth of data which has not be adequately understood/interpreted, and lessons which can be learned from so doing.

Censorship and Active Suppression of Science and Medicine

Censorship exercised on scale during the Covid-19 pandemic has actively suppressed the wide circulation of legitimate scientific inquiry, critical analysis and discussion. Together with the vaccination failure itself, as foreshadow by Judy Wilyman, the officially sanctioned censorship is now the No.1 issue of our time. It has involved the lockstep behaviour of BigPharma, main stream media, BigTech, governments, peak medical, scientific and public health authorities. How did this happen? What are the well spring roots of this extraordinary coordinated active suppression of legitimate alternative viewpoints and data analysis in science and medicine?

Abstract: The primary global response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been to bring to the clinic as rapidly as possible a number of vaccines that are predicted to enhance immunity to this viral infection. While the rapidity with which these vaccines have been developed and tested (at least for short-term efficacy and safety) is commendable, it should be acknowledged that this has occurred despite the lack of research into, and understanding of, the immune elements important for natural host protection against the virus, making this endeavor a somewhat unique one in medical history. In contrast, as pointed out in the review below, there were already important past observations that suggested that respiratory infections at mucosal surfaces were susceptible to immune clearance by mechanisms not typical of infections caused by systemic (blood-borne) pathogens. Accordingly, it was likely to be important to understand the role for both innate and acquired immunity in response to viral infection, as well as the optimum acquired immune resistance mechanisms for viral clearance (B cell or antibody-mediated, versus T cell mediated). This information was needed both to guide vaccine development and to monitor its success. We have known that many pathogens enter into a quasi-symbiotic relationship with the host, with each undergoing sequential change in response to alterations the other makes to its presence. The subsequent evolution of viral variants which has caused such widespread concern over the last 3–6 months as host immunity develops was an entirely predictable response. What is still not known is whether there will be other unexpected side-effects of the deployment of novel vaccines in humans which have yet to be characterized, and, if so, how and if these can be avoided. We conclude by remarking that to ignore a substantial body of well-attested immunological research in favour of expediency is a poor way to proceed.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; host resistance; innate immunity; acquired immunity; mucosal immunity; vaccination

Trends Genet . 2021 Nov 2;S0168-9525(21)00289-4. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.10.005.Online ahead of print.
RNA-directed DNA repair and antibody somatic hypermutation
Andrew Franklin 1, Edward J Steele 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.10.005
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34740453/
Abstract
Somatic hypermutation at antibody loci affects both deoxyadenosine-deoxythymidine (A/T) and deoxycytidine-deoxyguanosine (C/G) pairs. Deamination of C to deoxyuridine (U) by activation-induced deaminase (AID) explains how mutation at C/G pairs is potentiated. Mutation at A/T pairs is triggered during the initial stages of repair of AID-generated U lesions and occurs through an as yet unknown mechanism in which polymerase η has a major role. Recent evidence confirms that human polymerase η can act as a reverse transcriptase. Here, we compare the popular suggestion of mutation at A/T pairs through nucleotide mispairing (owing to polymerase error) during short-patch repair synthesis with the alternative proposal of mutation at A/T pairs through RNA editing and RNA-directed DNA repair.
Keywords
antibody; polymerase error; polymerase η; reverse transcriptase; somatic hypermutation.

For PDF copy contact e.j.steele@bigpond.com

By critically analysing and exploding the key foundation myths that have arisen around the origin, mode of spread and immunity on COVID-19 we lay out the evidence and critical arguments supporting an immediate end to all COVID-19 justified lockdowns. These emergency laws, invoked by many previously free and democratic societies, involve social distancing, obligatory wearing of masks, limited crowd sizes and gatherings (funerals, weddings, religious gatherings, sporting fixtures etc), the closures of schools and many small and large businesses not deemed necessary to containing the virus, border closures, and thus free travel movements, domestic and international. The basic premise in all these dictums is that the primary mechanism of spread of COVID-19 is assumed via person-to-person contacts only. We show this premise to be false. Our recommendations are anchored in the key relevant evidence and observations of the past two years gathered by us and published in a series of papers through 2020 and 2021. Our analysis documents the plausible putative first cause to the arrival of COVID-19 from space in a carbonaceous meteorite bolide the in stratosphere over China on October 11 2019; and then its blanket China-wide viral-laden meteorite dust contamination through November-December 2019 followed by further global dispersal of these viral-laden meteorite dust clouds by prevailing stratospheric and tropospheric wind systems, including human passaged virus aerosol-plumes adding to lower level (tropospheric) viral laden clouds. We explain why all lockdowns of any type cannot possibly work in principle against viral dispersal and transportation of this type – emergence of new clusters of disease, with poor evidence of connectivity through contact, clearly does not support person-to-person infections as the primary cause of spread. The initiation of mass infective events (“Mystery Cases”) in each regional and localised COVID-19 epidemic is caused by unsuspecting victims most likely catching the virus by rubbing up against a virus contaminated environment. We also deal with the efficacy of current vaccination roll outs on population-wide scales. It is most unfortunate that currently available mRNA expression vector vaccines, delivered by the intramuscular route (“Jab in the Arm”), may not only be dangerous in inducing many putative adverse reactions as their human safety is untested, they also cannot protect in principle against common cold and other respiratory pathogen infections like COVID-19 that arrive via the oral-nasal route. That evidence is discussed along with our recommendations for mankind’s preparedness for future suddenly emerging pandemics of this type.

The coronavirus pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 has engulfed the world and has exacted enormous health and economic tolls. Since it first emerged in Wuhan, China, in late November and early December 2019, 1-3 the health impact has been mainly on our elderly co-morbid citizens. In designing an effective vaccine, it is important, in our view, to understand how this pandemic coronavirus genetically diversifies at the RNA and protein levels as it infects different

This is the list of papers , interviews and letters by the group of N Chandra Wickramasinghe, Edward J Steele, Reginald M Gorczynski, Robyn A Lindley, Gensuke Tokoro, Robert Temple, Daryl H Wallis, Milton Wainwright  and other co-authors including George Howard, Herbert Rebhan, Pat Carneigie, Ananda Nimalasuriya, Alexander Kondakov, Brig Klyce, Dayal Wickramasinghe, Stephen Coulson, and Max Wallis, for all relevant papers published just prior (2017-2019) then those published through course of pandemic as March 2020 to March 2022  with a summary video lecture by Edward J Steele and other interviews.

Origin and Spread COVID-19- Interview Dr EJ. Steele (edited 40 min version )
This version has been further improved and cleaned up as 27.8.21
https://youtu.be/Ijc4mjiIquk

Professor N Chandra Wickramasinghe 8 Sept 2021 – Invited Orkney Science Festival Lecture
LIFE’S COSMIC PREVALENCE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H7pNFeqzr0

Other interviews
Asia Pacific TV interview by Professor Edward J (“Ted”) Steele  with Mike Ryan released Tuesday 21 September 2021 Here is the video link on Rumble  The Origins Of Covid-19 & Why The Vaccines Don't Work. (rumble.com) If people prefer to listen here is the audio podcast on our website. Here is the link to the podcasts. They just need to click on the latest Podcasts Series - Asia Pacific Today

Asia Pacific Today interview by Professor Edward J (“Ted”) Steele with Mike Ryan released Wednesday 6 October 2021- analysis of Mystery Cases in Australia v China Jan 2020 Here is the video link on Rumble 
https://rumble.com/vndmc4-why-there-is-no-mystery-to-covids-mystery-cases.html

A sudden yet very small outbreak of COVID-19 mystery community transmissions occurred in a defined arc across the inner Western and outer Northern suburbs of Melbourne in May-June 2021. An infection zone that could be 1000 km2 in size. These sudden outbreaks of genuine mystery cases could not be traced to any direct infected contacts nor could they be directly genomically linked to any known infection clusters (e.g. among infected international travellers in hotel quarantine). In response the Government of Victoria on the recommendation of the Chief Medical Officer and the Victorian Department of Health locked down the entire State of Victoria in an extreme Stage 4 emergency. As a consequence, large numbers of PCR COVID-19 tests on oro-nasal swabs were conducted (> 30, 000 per day at peak) and all positives quarantined at home, a directive enforced by police and in some cases the Australian Army. Citizens were neither allowed to leave Melbourne nor from Victoria to any other State of Australia. Contact tracing was conducted on a very large scale by teams of experienced tracers. Several sudden mystery outbreaks continued to occur despite the lock-down on people movements. This included restriction of numbers of visitors at homes, crowd-size limitations, curtailment of sporting events, school closures, mandatory mask wearing, and personal tracking of all individuals in shops and supermarkets (via a personal “QR” digital tracking system linked to mobile phones or via written personal contact statements at store or shop entry). Many of the COVID-19 variants of concern (PANGO classification) were clearly mature human-passaged virions, many of which have been identified in the current and very large 2nd Wave Indian epidemic. We show here there is plausible strong evidence that a heterogeneous set of these “Indian” variants may have been transported by prevailing tropospheric global wind systems via the Indian Ocean and Southern Ocean (Roaring Forties West to East on the 40o S Latitude line) to Victoria, Australia. There is much precedent for such global wind transportations in the history of past Influenza virus pandemics in the last 100 years and the present observations relating to COVID-19 events in Australia are discussed in that context.- This is the penultimate PROOF version prior to publication. The word Conserved in Italics needs to be unbolded page 5, RHS 3rd paragraph.

Viral pandemics over centuries and millennia have left indelible signatures on our genomes. Deciphering these signatures could give us profoundly important information on our evolutionary history that appears to have been directed by the arrival of new viruses from the deep cosmos. A recent study that shows a residual signature of SARS-CoV-2 (in the form of multiple generational expression of host-specific SARS-CoV targeting viral interacting proteins known as VIPs) in the genomes of a South Asian population suggests that a major COVID-19 type infectious episode may have occurred about 25,000 years ago. The need to monitor the stratosphere for the arrival of new pathogenic viruses, or even the return of old viruses such as Small Pox, is stressed.

The evidence for the cometary origin then rapid global spread of COVID-19 through 2020 is critically reviewed. We outline why it is an alternative plausible scientific explanation to the current bat/pangolin animal jump theories. In our view this explanation is consistent with all the available temporal unfolding scientific data (genomic, immunologic, epidemiologic, geophysical, astrophysical and astrobiological). Thus COVID-19 arrived as infective cryopreserved virions in cometary meteoritic dust clouds from space in a bolide strike in the stratosphere over China on October 11 2019. Prevailing high-level and low-level wind systems then globally distributed the infective viral dust clouds, striking different regions at different times. Given this possibility, a new space challenge for mankind is to develop near-Earth early warning biological surveillance (and mitigation) systems for incoming cosmic in-falls of micro-organisms and viruses from the cometary dust and meteorite streams that our planet routinely encounters as it orbits the Sun.

In hepatocellular cancer (HCC) there is an over expression of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1. Further, the prominent genomic somatic mutation signature in HCC is almost exclusively focused on mutations at A:T base pairs where A-to-G mutations far exceed T-to-C mutations (when read on the non-transcribed strand). A clear mechanism for this extreme transcriptional strand biased mutation signature, putatively associated with over expression of ADAR1 deaminase, is yet to be explicitly demonstrated. The standard description of this strand bias has been nominally called "Transcription Coupled Damage" (TCD) to distinguish it from more conventional "Transcription Coupled Repair" (TCR). We show that the TCD description does not satisfy all features of the molecular evidence. The conventional view is that ADAR1 is thought to target adenosines at WA-sites for editing to inosine (I) in double stranded RNA stem-loop structures in transcripts. Here we show that the totality of the molecular and cellular data on these mutation signatures provides strong presumptive evidence for a clear role for ADAR1-mediated A-to-I deamination at WA-sites as the mutagenic driver in hepatocellular and possibly other related ADAR1-Hi cancers displaying biased mutation features at A:T base pairs.

This is a Rapid Response online at British Medical Journal to the Editorial by Kamran Abbasi executive editor on 13 November 2020 entitled "Covid-19: politicisation, 'corruption,' and suppression of science When good science is suppressed by the medical-political complex, people die"

The origins and global spread of two recent, yet quite different, pandemic diseases is discussed and reviewed in depth: Candida auris, a eukaryotic fungal disease, and COVID- 19 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive strand RNA viral respiratory disease. Both these diseases dis- play highly distinctive patterns of sudden emergence and global spread, which are not easy to understand by conventional epidemiological analysis based on simple infection- driven human- to-human spread of an infectious disease (assumed to jump suddenly and thus genetically, from an animal reservoir). Both these enigmatic diseases make sense however under a Panspermia in-fall model and the evidence consistent with such a model is critically reviewed.

We propose that a reservoir of respiratory viruses in clumps of micro-sized dust exists in tropospheric clouds from which virions can be seasonally released into the lower atmosphere and thence to ground level. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Seasonal Influenza and Human Para Influenza Virus (HPIV) are all diseases that fall in this category, including SARS-CoV-2. The seasonal incidence of disease at ground level would appear to be patchy over distance scales that are largely dictated by viral-laden dust cloud size modulated by scales of atmospheric turbulence. This could produce clustering of cases in space and time that has given rise to 'contagion' concepts of community spread and of superspreaders.

This paper reports the results of our initial analysis of APOBEC and ADAR deaminase-mediated mutation signature patterns in complete COVID-19 genomes from informative locations and times in China, USA and Spain in the 2019-2020 pandemic. We have identified a unique set of 'new' putative coordinated Riboswitches in COVID-19 genomes not previously identified, and likely generating variants of the known common strain Haplotypes now in circulation. The results reveal that COVID-19 diversifies using switching of RNA Haplotypes with minimal alteration to protein structure (the normal targets for B and T cells in conventional vaccine development). The deaminase-driven RNA Haplotypes are most likely aligned with RNA secondary structures. Several studies already highlight how Riboswitches alter the ability of RNA to fold into intricate three-dimensional structures allowing them to execute their diverse cellular functions. The same functional outcomes are expected for viruses, particularly efficacy of RNA replication in new host cell environments. Thus, vaccine designs that assume that the main viral protein antigens will be the only putative protective targets could fail to produce effective and protective immunity. We conclude that understanding COVID-19 adaptation and survival strategy and identifying the host Haplotype, and which vaccine(s) is effective for each Haplotype group will be important for new vaccine design. Citation: Steele EJ and Lindley RA (2020) Analysis of APOBEC and ADAR deaminase-driven Riboswitch Haplotypes in COVID-19 RNA strain variants and the implications for vaccine design. Research Reports

The pattern of the SARS-CoV-2 incidence concentrated in the 30-50N latitude zone suggests dust carrying the virus is spread by a circum-global jet-stream, specifically the northern subtropical jet-stream that blows in the high-altitude troposphere over northern China in early springtime. It is known that the agent of the Kawasaki disease is carried by long-range winds to Japan and California from northeast China. We hypothesize that dust carrying the virus SARS-CoV-2 was similarly transported from an initial deposition over China to southern USA, thence across the Atlantic to Portugal and further states to the east. On this model the primary infall of the dust/ virus-carrier depends on the jet-stream interaction with regional weather systems, causing incidence of SARS-CoV-2 cases in various countries/states along this latitude belt. The notable case of Brazil on 31 March 2020-exceptionally outside the 30-50N belt-is proposed to be due to the Azores cyclonic system entraining part of the jet-stream west of Portugal into the south-westerly trade winds, when these winds penetrate to Brazil during springtime .

Outbreaks of COVID-19 in passengers and crew in ships at sea continue to pose a problem for conventional epidemiology. In one instance the crew of an Argentinian fishing trawler, who were quarantined and tested negative before sailing, contracted the disease after 35 days at sea. In another instance a livestock ship had crew that was isolated and confined becoming sick with presumed COVID-19 whilst sailing in mid-ocean.

This paper reports the results of our initial analysis of APOBEC and ADAR deaminase-mediated mutation signa-ture patterns in complete COVID-19 genomes from informative locations and times in China, USA and Spain in the 2019-2020 pandemic. We have identified a unique set of 'new' putative coordinated Riboswitches in COVID-19 genomes not previously identified, and likely generating variants of the known common strain Haplotypes now in circulation. The results reveal that COVID-19 diversifies using switching of RNA Haplotypes with mini-mal alteration to protein structure (the normal targets for B and T cells in conventional vaccine development). The deaminase-driven RNA Haplotypes are most likely aligned with RNA secondary structures.  Several stud-ies already highlight how Riboswitches alter the ability of RNA to fold into intricate three-dimensional structures allowing them to execute their diverse cellular functions. The same functional outcomes are expected for viruses, particularly efficacy of RNA replication in new host cell environments. Thus, vaccine designs that assume that the main viral protein antigens will be the only putative protective targets could fail to produce effective and protective immunity. We conclude that understanding COVID-19 adaptation and survival strategy and identifying the host Haplotype, and which vaccine(s) is effective for each Haplotype group will be important for new vaccine design.

The discovery by Russian researchers (Grebennikova et al., 2018) of microorganisms on the exterior surface of the International Space Station (ISS) on several occasions between 2013 and 2017 may be interpreted as evidence supporting the Hoyle-Wickramasinghe theory of cometary panspermia. The homologies between the ISS-recovered genotypes and known terrestrial bacteria can be seen as evidence of co-evolution and gene transfers (HGT) within a biosphere that spans astronomical distances. On the one hand, the height of the ISS orbit at 400km can be argued as being too high for lofting surface microorganisms. However, there is a theory that purports to explain the possible transport of small particles from the troposphere into the lower stratosphere and ionosphere as a result of vortex motions as well as vertical flows (streamers), which are generated as a result of the development of the modulational instability in the ionospheric plasma. More research is needed to properly evaluate this proposal.

We argue that the new coronavirus COVID-19 was probably linked to the arrival of a pure culture of the virus in cometary debris that was deposited in the stratosphere, and first came down in the Hubei province of China. The subsequent worldwide spread of the virus has taken place by a combination of two effects: the deposition of further large quantities of virus at several locations – Iran, North Italy, South Korea – combined with much slower spread through person-to-person infection (itself enhanced largely by contaminated surfaces and personal affects). The location of the foci outside China all lie close to latitude 40 degrees N, consistent with the transport of aerosols by cyclonic winds in the stratosphere. It is also remarkably consistent with observations in the 1960’s of the fall-out of radioactive dust deposited in the stratosphere in the last of the atmospheric atom bomb tests. On this basis, we conclude that a stratospheric loading of the Coronavirus that happened in October/ November 2019 could take a few winter seasons to be fully drained. A clearer understanding of the causal events that led to the COVID-19 pandemic could help planning future strategy.

Keywords: Neuroscience CAG expansions Huntington's disease Error-prone DNA repair AID/APOBEC/ADAR deaminases DNA polymerase-eta Immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation A B S T R A C T The mechanism of (CAG)n repeat generation, and related expandable repeat diseases in non-dividing cells, is currently understood in terms of a DNA template-based DNA repair synthesis process involving hairpin stabilized slippage, local error-prone repair via MutSβ (MSH2-MSH3) hairpin protective stabilization, then nascent strand extension by DNA polymerases-β and-δ. We advance a very similar slipped hairpin-stabilized model involving MSH2-MSH3 with two key differences: the copying template may also be the nascent pre-mRNA with the repair pathway being mediated by the Y-family error-prone enzymes DNA polymerase-η and DNA polymerase-κ acting as reverse transcriptases. We argue that both DNA-based and RNA-based mechanisms could well be activated in affected non-dividing brain cells in vivo. Here, we compare the advantages of the RNA/RT-based model proposed by us as an adjunct to previously proposed models. In brief, our model depends upon dysregulated innate and adaptive immunity cascades involving AID/APOBEC and ADAR deaminases that are known to be involved in normal locus-specific immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation, cancer progression and somatic mutations at many off-target non-immunoglobulin sites across the genome: we explain how these processes could also play an active role in repeat expansion diseases at RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes. 1. Purpose of this article It is necessary to directly state our overarching philosophy and rationale up front. We are molecular and cellular immunologists interested in the reverse transcriptase (RT) mechanism of antigen-driven so-matic hypermutation (SHM) of rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region genes (Franklin et al. these papers should be consulted for the molecular details of the RT Ig SHM mechanism). Why should we be applying mechanisms implicated in Ig SHM to the molecular events that precipitate (CAG)n and related trinu-cleotide repeat (TNR) disease? Somatic hypermutation underpins the generation of diversity in adaptive immunity in response to antigenic challenge, and while this response has physiologic benefit, it can also have pathologic consequence (such as in the case of cancer progression). In our view the generation of (CAG)n and related TNR may be interpreted as representing as a dysfunctional 'Ig-SHM-like' response allowing the postulate that the same or similar molecular processes might be involved. Viewing the molecular generation of trinucleotide repeat diseases through this prism provides fresh perspective and we hope contributes to advancement of the field. Our approach thus differs from other investigators working within the traditional discipline of (CAG)n and related TNR expansion diseases. In coding regions, TNR expansions occur in-frame, thus naturally lending themselves to an alternative RT-based explanation for their genesis. This is the purpose of this "Hypothesis" article and review. We are not supplanting the existing molecular mechanisms but rather adding to them by providing plausible and testable explanations for TNR expansions in RNA Pol II-transcribed regions arising from plausible RT processes transposed from our understanding of the molecular immunology of Ig SHM phenomena which may involve DNA synthesis opposite the pre-mRNA template of the target gene (Figures 1 and 2). We can say this now because we have shown that C-site and A-site off-target 'Ig SHM-like' mutagenic responses mediated by DNA and RNA deaminases (adenosine deaminases

Abstract
What is the evolutionary mechanism for the TCR-MHC-conserved interaction? We extend Dembic's model (Dembic Z. In, Scand J Immunol e12806, 2019) of thymus positive selection for high-avidity anti–self-MHC Tregs among double (CD4 + CD8+)-positive (DP) developing thymocytes. This model is based on competition for self-MHC (+ Pep) complexes presented on cortical epithelium. Such T cells exit as CD4 + CD25+FoxP3 + thymic-derived Tregs (tTregs). The other positively selected DP T cells are then negatively selected on medulla epithelium removing high-avidity anti–self-MHC + Pep as T cells commit to CD4 + or CD8 + lin- eages. The process is likened to the competitive selection and affinity maturation in Germinal Centre for the somatic hypermutation (SHM) of rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region (V[D]Js) of centrocytes bearing antigen-specific B cell receptors (BCR). We now argue that the same direct SHM processes for TCRs occur in post-antigenic Germinal Centres, but now occurring in peripheral pTregs. This model provides a potential solution to a long-standing problem previously recognized by Cohn and others (Cohn M, Anderson CC, Dembic Z. In, Scand J Immunol e12790, 2019) of how co-evolution occurs of species-specific MHC alleles with the repertoire of their germline TCR V counterparts. We suggest this is not by ‘blind’, slow, and random Darwinian natural selection events, but a rapid structured somatic selection vertical transmission process. The pTregs bearing somatic TCR V mutant genes then, on arrival in reproductive tissues, can donate their TCR V sequences via soma-to-germline feedback as discussed in this journal earlier. (Steele EJ, Lindley RA. In, Scand J Immunol e12670, 2018) The high-avidity tTregs also participate in the same process to maintain a biased, high-avidity anti–self-MHC germline V repertoire.

We review the main lines of evidence (molecular, cellular and whole organism) published since the 1970s demonstrating Lamarckian Inheritance in animals, plants and microorganisms viz. the trans-generational inheritance of environmentally-induced acquired characteristics. The studies in animals demonstrate the genetic permeability of the soma-germline Weismann Barrier. The widespread nature of environmentally-directed inheritance phenomena reviewed here contradicts a key pillar of neo-Darwinism which affirms the rigidity of the Weismann Barrier. These developments suggest that neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory is in need of significant revision. We argue that Lamarckian inheritance strategies involving environmentally-induced rapid directional genetic adaptations make biological sense in the context of cosmic Panspermia allowing the efficient spread of living systems and genetic innovation throughout the Universe. The Hoyle-Wickramasinghe Panspermia paradigm also developed since the 1970s, unlike strictly geocentric neo-Darwinism provides a cogent biological rationale for the actual widespread existence of Lamarckian modes of inheritance-it provides its raison d'^ etre. Under a terrestrially confined neo-Darwinian viewpoint such an association may have been thought spurious in the past. Our aim is to outline the conceptual links between rapid Lamarckian-based evolutionary hypermutation processes dependent on reverse transcription-coupled mechanisms among others and the effective cosmic spread of living systems. For example, a viable, or cryo-preserved, living system travelling through space in a protective matrix will need of necessity to rapidly adapt and proliferate on landing in a new cosmic niche. Lamarckian mechanisms thus come to the fore and supersede the slow (blind and random) genetic processes expected under a traditional neo-Darwinian evolutionary paradigm.

There is now much evidence for the involvement of deaminase-mediated somatic mutagenesis during cancer progression. These developments lead us to reappraise the likely impact of AID/APOBEC and ADAR deaminases in human cancer progression with their expected lesser impact on somatic mutagenesis in mouse cancer model systems. The findings are important for pre-clinical trials of immune oncology (IO) drugs activating adaptive immune responses against tumor cells. Our conclusions are consistent with, and underline, recent recommendations by Decker and colleagues that IO pre-clinical trials should at least include therapies against spontaneous tumors in dogs. While the AID/APOBEC deaminase specificity repertoire in dogs is likely to be less than in humans, it will be far greater than in the mouse and thus more likely to better mimic dysregulated Ig like somatic hypermutation responses during cancer progression in humans.

We are molecular immunologists and immunogeneticists, and we have spent decades working with our collaborators on the mechanism of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation. We bring to your attention an important issue of scientific priority and thus maintenance of the integrity of the published scientific record. We have just become aware of two articles published recently in the Journal of Biological Chemistry that describe the reverse transcriptase activity of human DNA polymerase η (Su et al., 2017; Su et al., 2019). We would like it to be noted that clear priority for the demonstration of the reverse transcriptase activity of human DNA polymerase η was published previously by us in the journal Immunology and Cell Biology (Franklin et al., 2004). Please find the abstracts of all three articles below. We would appreciate that a note regarding this precedence be published without delay in the Journal of Biological Chemistry and linked to both articles (Su et al., 2017; Su et al., 2019) so that the scientific record is corrected. Our collaborators and colleagues in the international scientific community are following developments closely with us (see shortlist of supporting academics below), and we look forward to this matter being resolved promptly by publication of a clarifying statement. Yours sincerely,
Andrew Franklin PhD, Edward J. Steele PhD
_________________________________________________________
References
Franklin A., Milburn P.J., Blanden R.V., Steele E.J. (2004). Human DNA polymerase-, an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of rearranged immunoglobulin genes, is a reverse transcriptase. Immunol Cell Biol 82, 219–25.

Su Y., Egli M., Guengerich F.P. (2017). Human DNA polymerase η accommodates RNA for strand extension. J Biol Chem 292, 18044–51.

Su Y., Ghodke P.P., Egli M., Li L., Wang Y., Guengerich F.P. (2019). Human DNA polymerase η has reverse transcriptase activity in cellular environments. J Biol Chem, in press (published on March 6, 2019).

This curated collection of scientific papers on the origin and global spread of COVID-19 is a unique project that offers explanations at odds with mainstream views as the theme mainly focuses on Panspermia (viruses, microorganisms and their spores, and cometary arrival of even more complex cellular organisms).No other scientific group has paid attention to the temporal unfolding scientific order at the many required levels of understanding-astrobiological and astrophysical, geographical and the temporal order of global proportions, yet regional epidemics, the immunologic dimensions to the infection and epidemic data, the genetics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as it adapted, varied and appeared in different human populations in the crucial first few months of the pandemic. This in-depth analysis, over a twoyear period, allows a better understanding of what engulfed the world during the COVID-19 pandemic, how it happened and the most plausible way.There are many lessons for future generations that can be distilled from the contributions found in this book.

The question has arisen repeatedly Does the COVID-19 Virus Exist?
Here a  rational explanation of some foundation myths claiming it does not. The author outlines in detail all the reasons he believes that confirm the  COVID-19 virus is real and is the cause of sudden acute respiratory disease  in vulnerable infected patients.

By critically analysing and exploding the key foundation myths that have arisen around the origin, mode of spread and immunity on COVID-19 we lay out the evidence and critical arguments supporting an immediate end to all COVID-19 justified lockdowns. These emergency laws, invoked by many previously free and democratic societies, involve social distancing, obligatory wearing of masks, limited crowd sizes and gatherings (funerals, weddings, religious gatherings, sporting fixtures etc), the closures of schools and many small and large businesses not deemed necessary to containing the virus, border closures, and thus free travel movements, domestic and international. The basic premiss in all these dictums is that the primary mechanism of spread of COVID-19 is assumed via person-to-person contacts only. We show this premise to be false. Our recommendations are anchored in the key relevant evidence and observations of the past two years gathered by us and published in a series of papers through 2020 and 2021. Our analysis documents the plausible putative first cause to the arrival of COVID-19 from space in a carbonaceous meteorite bolide in stratosphere over China on October 11 2019 ; and then its blanket China-wide viral-laden meteorite dust contamination through November-December 2019 followed by further global dispersal of these viral-laden meteorite dust clouds by prevailing stratospheric and tropospheric wind systems, including human passaged virus aerosol-plumes adding to lower level (tropospheric) viral laden clouds. We explain why all lockdowns of any type cannot possibly work in principle against viral dispersal and transportation of this type – emergence of new clusters of disease, with poor evidence of connectivity through contact, clearly does not support person-to-person infections as the primary cause of spread.  The initiation of mass infective events (“Mystery Cases”) in each regional and localised COVID-19 epidemic is caused by unsuspecting victims most likely catching the virus by rubbing up against a virus contaminated environment. We also deal with the efficacy of current vaccination roll outs on population-wide scales. It is most unfortunate that currently available mRNA expression vector vaccines, delivered by the intramuscular route (“Jab in the Arm”), may not only be dangerous in inducing many putative adverse reactions as their human safety is untested, they also cannot protect in principle against common cold and other respiratory pathogen infections like COVID-19 that arrive via the oral-nasal route. That evidence is discussed along with our recommendations for mankind’s preparedness for future suddenly emerging pandemics of this type.

We have set out to assess the data on the intensity of the COVID-19 pandemic with a view to making plausible predictions of its decline. A plot of  “ % COVID-19 Associated Death per Day”  versus the timing and extent of the roll out of national vaccination campaigns in Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and USA shows that the decline in the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic was well advanced noticeably before vaccinations began or could have become a significant contributory factor. Israel is an outlier in its manifest decline pattern, yet the data also demonstrate that vaccination has had no discernible impact at all on % Deaths per Day in Israel.
Note :Date error in body of text should be August 2021

Accepted for Publication ( August 25 2021) in Infectious Diseases and Therapeutics 2021 Volume 2 September issue

We are molecular immunologists and immunogeneticists, and we have spent decades working with our collaborators on the mechanism of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation. We bring to your attention an important issue of scientific priority and thus maintenance of the integrity of the published scientific record. We have just become aware of two articles published recently in the Journal of Biological Chemistry that describe the reverse transcriptase activity of human DNA polymerase η (Su et al., 2017; Su et al., 2019). We would like it to be noted that clear priority for the demonstration of the reverse transcriptase activity of human DNA polymerase η was published previously by us in the journal Immunology and Cell Biology (Franklin et al., 2004). Please find the abstracts of all three articles below. We would appreciate that a note regarding this precedence be published without delay in the Journal of Biological Chemistry and linked to both articles (Su et al., 2017; Su et al., 2019) so that the scientific record is corrected. Our collaborators and colleagues in the international scientific community are following developments closely with us (see shortlist of supporting academics below), and we look forward to this matter being resolved promptly by publication of a clarifying statement. Yours sincerely,
Andrew Franklin PhD, Edward J. Steele PhD
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
References
Franklin A., Milburn P.J., Blanden R.V., Steele E.J. (2004). Human DNA polymerase-, an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of rearranged immunoglobulin genes, is a reverse transcriptase. Immunol Cell Biol 82, 219–25.
Su Y., Egli M., Guengerich F.P. (2017). Human DNA polymerase η accommodates RNA for strand extension. J Biol Chem 292, 18044–51.
Su Y., Ghodke P.P., Egli M., Li L., Wang Y., Guengerich F.P. (2019). Human DNA polymerase η has reverse transcriptase activity in cellular environments. J Biol Chem, in press (published on March 6, 2019).

We are molecular immunologists and immunogeneticists, and we have spent decades working with our collaborators on the mechanism of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation. We bring to your attention an important issue of scientific priority and thus maintenance of the integrity of the published scientific record. We have just become aware of two articles published recently in the Journal of Biological Chemistry that describe the reverse transcriptase activity of human DNA polymerase η (Su et al., 2017; Su et al., 2019). We would like it to be noted that clear priority for the demonstration of the reverse transcriptase activity of human DNA polymerase η was published previously by us in the journal Immunology and Cell Biology (Franklin et al., 2004). Please find the abstracts of all three articles below. We would appreciate that a note regarding this precedence be published without delay in the Journal of Biological Chemistry and linked to both articles (Su et al., 2017; Su et al., 2019) so that the scientific record is corrected. Our collaborators and colleagues in the international scientific community are following developments closely with us (see shortlist of supporting academics below), and we look forward to this matter being resolved promptly by publication of a clarifying statement. Yours sincerely, Yours sincerely,
Andrew Franklin PhD, Edward J. Steele PhD
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
References
Franklin A., Milburn P.J., Blanden R.V., Steele E.J. (2004). Human DNA polymerase-, an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of rearranged immunoglobulin genes, is a reverse transcriptase. Immunol Cell Biol 82, 219–25.
Su Y., Egli M., Guengerich F.P. (2017). Human DNA polymerase η accommodates RNA for strand extension. J Biol Chem 292, 18044–51.
Su Y., Ghodke P.P., Egli M., Li L., Wang Y., Guengerich F.P. (2019). Human DNA polymerase η has reverse transcriptase activity in cellular environments. J Biol Chem, in press (published on March 6, 2019).

Two related issues are discussed from the point of view of a molecular-cellular immunologist of almost 50 years standing. The author began training as a scientist at Adelaide University in the late 1960s. Initial interests were in Immunochemistry and in antibody-mediated mechanisms of protection against infectious diseases (Cholera). Later, in post-doctoral studies this matured through autoimmune mechanisms to molecular mechanisms of somatic hypermutation in immunity and more recently in cancer. Part and parcel of this thinking led to the emergence of non-Darwinian (Lamarckian) evolutionary soma-to-germline mechanisms of evolutionary progress and adaptation. More recently, he has fully accepted the Hoyle-Wickramasinghe (H-W) Cosmic Biology Paradigm (1970s -> ) because it is, in his opinion, a correct and precise overarching theory to explain and understand the origin of, and further evolution of, life on Earth and thus throughout the Cosmos. All other theories of Life on Earth need to play second fiddle to H-W theory and its subsidiary explanations. So this paper takes H-W thinking about life in the Universe into two further domains, both of which can indeed be studied here and now on Earth in a rigorous manner.  Thus after 47 years publishing in conventional refereed journals and books, the author confronts two big issues at the interface between Biology and Physics for archiving at the viXra.org site. He is convinced they will increasingly dominate thinking as the 21st century unfolds: a) Quantum Weirdness and Living Systems, b) Biological Transmutation (or "Cold Fusion" in Biology).  Both these topics are related. Both evoke strong emotional and intellectual reactions. Both need to be confronted in a cool and rational way. This will be done from the point of view of the biological experiences and historical perspective of the author just outlined.

There will be no mathematics, just discussion and arguments in plain English prose.

This essay arose when I finally addressed the question - "What do I have to lose in a reputational sense from confronting such issues"? My answer - absolutely nothing. At least nothing that is important to me at my age and stage in life.

The review of this interesting book exposes the ad hominem attacks on Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe as specious. Indeed the advocacy of the authors for Abiogenesis as an easy and common event in the Universe, in locations like the Earth, is exposed as wishful thinking. It is simply not credible. The general history story of biology, while accurate to a point, stops short about 1970-it then completely overlooks all the published evidence and analyses for both Panspermia and Lamarckian Inheritance of the past 40-50 years. To quote one of the cited links..."There is a strong conceptual link between rapid Lamarckian-based evolutionary processes dependent on reverse transcription-coupled mechanisms among others and the effective cosmic spread of living systems viz. Panspermia. For example, a viable, or cryo-preserved, living system travelling through space in a protective matrix will need to rapidly adapt and proliferate on a landing in a new cosmic niche. Lamarckian mechanisms of environmentally-driven inherited rapid adaptation thus come to the fore and supersede the slow (blind and random) genetic processes expected under a neo-Darwinian evolutionary paradigm."-This is a well written book and an interesting if not easy read. It will definitely educate, up to a point, the general reader interested in the origins of Life. In particular, the history of the main developments dating to the Greek philosophers is well covered. It is also an informative and interesting history of the vigorous pre-modern 17th to 19th century scientific debates and experiments for and against Abiogenesis-" the emergence of life from non-life". There is special emphasis on "Spontaneous Generation". Most of us have been taught this was effectively disproved by the definitive experiments of Louis Pasteur in the 19th Century. A little known fact, at least to the present writer, was the almost immediate resurrection of Abiogenesis by Thomas Huxley. He qualified Pasteur's result by reasoning that the conditions on the early Earth, in one of "Darwin's warm little ponds" may have offered a favourable window of opportunity for life to emerge from non-life. By this 'political' act, as was his want, Huxley sidelined special creation suggesting sotto voce that abiogenesis was no longer active on the present Earth-thus by extension abiogenesis may arise anywhere in the Universe given the right conditions.

Listed here are all the Edward J. ("Ted") Steele public domain interviews on the COVID-19 pandemic (meteorite origins, global spread by prevailing wind systems, protective local mucosal secretory IgA immunity, vaccine efficacy and pandemic aftermath and fall out) from the most recent to the first in this series dating from May 18 2020. There is a key the Video Lecture interview, July 6 2021, the producer directing a cameraman by Zoom from Los Angeles (https://youtu.be/Ijc4mjiIquk). Then in succession over the next few months three interviews on Asia Pacific Today TV with Mike Ryan going over the formal ground in depth again on the cosmic origins, global spread, vaccines and immunity, and local and regional in-fall troposphere spreads in both Melbourne and in regional Victoria, Australia : https://rumble.com/vmrmmq-the-origins-of-covid-19-and-why-the-vaccines-dontwork..html https://rumble.com/vndmc4-why-there-is-no-mystery-to-covids-mystery-cases.html https://rumble.com/vpk7se-covid-19-hotel-quarantine-escapes-as-the-trigger-forvictorian-outbreaks.-t.html However the full list below begins in chronological order back to May 18 2020 with the most recent TNT Radio podcasts (with a short summary of contents in most cases). Many of these interviews, and some related, with URL links to associated published papers with Professors N. Chandra Wickramasinghe, Reginald M. Gorczynski and other co-authors can be found at the other URL link https://www.academia.edu/50814212/ Papers_and_Summary_Interviews_on_Origin_and_Global_Spread_of_COVID_19_Wickramasinghe_and_c olleagues ..... Long extended entry on URL interview list because of importance Cipelli et al 2022

TNT Radio, Asia Pacific Today TV & Other Interviews on Covid-19
(Chronological order most recent first)  -  May 18 2020 - Oct 8 2022
https://www.academia.edu/88226981/Interviews_URL_links_TNT_Radio_Asia_Pacific_Today_Others_on_COVID_19

Listed here are all the Edward J. (“Ted”) Steele public domain interviews on the COVID-19 pandemic (meteorite origins, global spread by prevailing wind systems, protective local mucosal secretory IgA immunity, vaccine efficacy and pandemic aftermath and fall out) from the most recent to the first in this series dating from May 18 2020. There is a key Video Lecture interview, July 6 2021, the producer directing a cameraman by Zoom from Los Angeles ( https://youtu.be/Ijc4mjiIquk ). Then in succession over the next few months three interviews on Asia Pacific Today TV with Mike Ryan going over the formal ground in depth again on the cosmic origins, global spread, vaccines and immunity, and local and regional in-fall troposphere spreads creating many mystery infections in both Melbourne and in regional Victoria, Australia :
https://rumble.com/vmrmmq-the-origins-of-covid-19-and-why-the-vaccines-dont-work..html
https://rumble.com/vndmc4-why-there-is-no-mystery-to-covids-mystery-cases.html
https://rumble.com/vpk7se-covid-19-hotel-quarantine-escapes-as-the-trigger-for-victorian-outbreaks.-t.html

However the full list below begins in chronological order back to May 18 2020 with the most recent TNT Radio podcasts (with a short summary of contents in most cases ). Many of these interviews, and some related, with URL links to associated published papers with Professors N. Chandra Wickramasinghe, Reginald M. Gorczynski and other co-authors can be found at the other  URL link
https://www.academia.edu/50814212/Papers_and_Summary_Interviews_on_Origin_and_Global_Spread_of_COVID_19_Wickramasinghe_and_colleagues