- University of Newcastle, Population Health Sciences Institute, Sir James Spence Building, 5th Floor, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- History of Sexuality, History of Medicine and the Body, Gender Studies, Gender and Sexuality, Cultural Studies, Visual Culture, and 29 moreBiopolitics, Social History of Medicine, History of Medicine, Youth Culture, Sigmund Freud, History Of Psychology, History of Childhood and Youth, History Of Psychoanalysis, 20th Century German History, Sex Education, Sexualization of Young Girls and Women, Pornification Culture, Sexualisation Culture, of Children and Young People, Porn Chic, Pornography, Sexualisation of Childhood, Social and Cultural History, History Of Sexology, Discourse Analysis, Social History, Sex and Gender, History of Science, Cultural History, History of Education, History of Venereal Disease, History of the Body, German History, Modern European History, Gender History, History of Psychiatry, Contraception, and History of Prostitutionedit
- I am a cultural historian who is working in the field of medical humanities with a focus on history of medicine, sexualities, and bodies.edit
The history of sex education enables us to gain valuable insights into the cultural constructions of what different societies have defined as 'normal' sexuality and sexual health. Yet, the history of sex education has only recently... more
The history of sex education enables us to gain valuable insights into the cultural constructions of what different societies have defined as 'normal' sexuality and sexual health. Yet, the history of sex education has only recently attracted the full attention of historians of modern sexuality.
Shaping Sexual Knowledge: A Cultural History of Sex Education in Twentieth Century Europe makes a considerable contribution not only to the cultural history of sexual enlightenment and identity in modern Europe, but also to the history of childhood and adolescence. The essays collected in this volume treat sex education in the broadest sense, incorporating all aspects of the formal and informal shaping of sexual knowledge and awareness of the young. The volume, therefore, not only addresses officially-sanctioned and regulated sex education delivered within the school system and regulated by the State and in some cases the Church, but also the content, iconography and experience of sexual enlightenment within the private sphere of the family and as portrayed through the media.
Shaping Sexual Knowledge: A Cultural History of Sex Education in Twentieth Century Europe makes a considerable contribution not only to the cultural history of sexual enlightenment and identity in modern Europe, but also to the history of childhood and adolescence. The essays collected in this volume treat sex education in the broadest sense, incorporating all aspects of the formal and informal shaping of sexual knowledge and awareness of the young. The volume, therefore, not only addresses officially-sanctioned and regulated sex education delivered within the school system and regulated by the State and in some cases the Church, but also the content, iconography and experience of sexual enlightenment within the private sphere of the family and as portrayed through the media.
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Les Kinsey des deux Allemagnes: recherche empirique en sexologie, enquêtes sur la sexualité et normalisation de la sexualité de la jeunesse pendant la guerre froide [The East and West German Kinseys: Empirical Sex Research, Sex Surveys, and Normalising Young People’s Sexuality During the Cold War]more
This paper investigates how, in the aftermath of the publication of the Kinsey reports, East and West German sexology turned towards empirical sex research. It specifically looks into the political and cultural context of the Cold War... more
This paper investigates how, in the aftermath of the publication of the Kinsey reports, East and West German sexology turned towards empirical sex research. It specifically looks into the political and cultural context of the Cold War under which West and East German sexologists and social scientists conducted surveys about young people’s sexual behaviours and moral beliefs. I argue that statistical data produced by these sex surveys not only created a historical reality of young people’s sexual attitudes and behaviours but also shaped new standards of «normality». Statistical data were turned into discursive events as they were often referred to, popularised, and produced as reader surveys by the wider media, and visualised through infographics. Such discursive events invited young people to relate their sexual moral judgements and behaviours to the statistical average of their peer-group and, hence, had the potential to shape young people’s understanding of what was acceptable in a specific cultural setting.
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The paper explores the changing concepts of sexual health under which German sex education operated during the twentieth century. The four main, at times tough overlapping concepts defined sexuality as sinful, as a danger to public... more
The paper explores the changing concepts of sexual health under which German sex education operated during the twentieth century. The four main, at times tough overlapping concepts defined sexuality as sinful, as a danger to public health, as a controllable risk to the individual, or as something that can be negotiated and managed. Using discourses about contraception for young people as an example, I investigate how these concepts operated in sex education material published for young people between c. 1900 and c. 1980. I argue that assumptions about a “liberalisation” of sexuality are not useful to understand changes in sexual morality, access to sexual knowledge, and sexual practices of young people. Rather, from the late 1960s sex education became part of a neoliberal governmentality strategy and contraception an important technology of the self that was mediated in sex education material. Young people had to learn these sexual technologies of the self and negotiate their sexual activities with their partner.
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Der Beitrag untersucht Kontinuitäten und Brüche in den Vorstellungen von Geschlechterverhältnissen und kindlicher Sexualität sowie in den gesellschaftlichen Haltungen zu Sexualmoral und Sexualverhalten von Jugendlichen am Beispiel der... more
Der Beitrag untersucht Kontinuitäten und Brüche in den Vorstellungen von Geschlechterverhältnissen und kindlicher Sexualität sowie in den gesellschaftlichen Haltungen zu Sexualmoral und Sexualverhalten von Jugendlichen am Beispiel der Diskurse über Sexualität und Sexualaufklärung von Jugendlichen um 1900 und um 1968. Dabei geht es mir insbesondere darum, den Begriff der „sexuellen Liberalisierung“ einer Kritik zu unterziehen, die zeigen soll, dass er, wenn überhaupt, nur einen äußerst begrenzten Erklärungswert besitzt und mehr verschleiert als zur Analyse beiträgt. Der Aufsatz beschäftigt sich zunächst mit dem im Verständnis der Zeitgenossen „progressiven“ Aufklärungsdiskurs um 1900 (hier verstanden im weiteren Sinne als die Periode von der Jahrhundertwende bis 1933) und lenkt dann den Blick auf die späten 1960er und die 1970er Jahre, die oft unter dem Schlagwort der „sexuellen Revolution“ verhandelt werden.
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This paper analyses how, prior to the work of Sigmund Freud, an understanding of infant and childhood sexuality emerged during the nineteenth century. Key contributors to the debate were Albert Moll, Max Dessoir and others, as... more
This paper analyses how, prior to the work of Sigmund Freud, an understanding of infant and childhood sexuality emerged during the nineteenth century. Key contributors to the debate were Albert Moll, Max Dessoir and others, as fin-de-siècle artists and writers celebrated a sexualised image of the child. By the beginning of the twentieth century, most paediatricians, sexologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts and pedagogues agreed that sexuality formed part of a child’s ‘normal’ development. This paper argues that the main disagreements in discourses about childhood sexuality related to different interpretations of children’s sexual experiences. On the one hand stood an explanation that argued for a homology between children’s and adults’ sexual experiences, on the other hand was an understanding that suggested that adults and children had distinct and different experiences. Whereas the homological interpretation was favoured by the majority of commentators, including Moll, Freud, and to some extent also by C.G. Jung, the heterological interpretation was supported by a minority, including childhood psychologist Charlotte Bühler.
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By the end of the nineteenth century, in many European countries, venereal diseases (VD) had become a metaphor for moral decay and decadence in society. Although medical understanding and knowledge of VD rapidly improved during the... more
By the end of the nineteenth century, in many European countries, venereal diseases (VD) had become a metaphor for moral decay and decadence in society. Although medical understanding and knowledge of VD rapidly improved during the nineteenth century, no progress was made in respect to VD treatment. The development of Salvarsan in 1910 by Paul Ehrlich and his team was an important breakthrough in treating syphilis. However, treatment with Salvarsan was risky and could lead to very serious side effects. At the end of the World War II, Penicillin became an effective drug for treating syphilis as well as gonorrhoea efficiently and with no serious side effects. As a response to the spread of VD, European countries introd uced various public health strategies and VD policies. Such policies were, on the one hand, concerned with the controling of VD patients and, on the other hand, with public health education and VD prophylaxis. Whereas some countries relied on restrictive VD control measures, other countries favoured a voluntary approach. Some countries informed their population about VD prophylactics (e.g. condoms and disinfectants); other countries refused such educational campaigns on moral grounds. At the beginning of the twenty-first century STI remain a serious global and transnational threat to health and wellbeing.
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Until the early seventies escalating costs in the health care sector were accepted as being a necessary consequence of social progress. However, this view has since begun to shift. Due to the recession in the mid–seventies, mounting... more
Until the early seventies escalating costs in the health care sector were accepted as being a necessary consequence of social progress. However, this view has since begun to shift. Due to the recession in the mid–seventies, mounting health expenditures now loomed as a threat to the economy. Rather than social progress, the issue now was measures to curb the rising costs and increase insurance revenues. Rising health care contributions initiated by the government coalition of Social Democrats and the Liberal Party marked this change of perspective in health policy that led to restraints in the principle of solidarity within the statutory health insurance system and, as a result, to a renewed privatisation of health expenditures. Since then patients who had health insurance were obliged to pay a larger share of their health expenses.
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This paper analyzes the relation between sin, punishment and syphilis during the 19th and 20th centuries. Examination of preventive and therapeutic strategies for venereal infection shows that the deep-rooted connection between... more
This paper analyzes the relation between sin, punishment and syphilis during the 19th and 20th centuries. Examination of preventive and therapeutic strategies for venereal infection shows that the deep-rooted connection between conceptions of sin, punishment and venereal disease has lasted well into the 20th century.
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ABSTRACT
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Bulletin of the History of Medicine Copyright © 1996 The Johns Hopkins University Press. All rights reserved. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 70.3 (1996) 548-549, ...
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Bulletin of the History of Medicine Copyright © 1996 The Johns Hopkins University Press. All rights reserved. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 70.3 (1996) 559-560, ...