Anticipatory prescribing in community end-of-life care in the UK and Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic: online survey

BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2020 Sep;10(3):343-349. doi: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002394. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Abstract

Background: Anticipatory prescribing (AP) of injectable medications in advance of clinical need is established practice in community end-of-life care. Changes to prescribing guidelines and practice have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims and objectives: To investigate UK and Ireland clinicians' experiences concerning changes in AP during the COVID-19 pandemic and their recommendations for change.

Methods: Online survey of participants at previous AP national workshops, members of the Association for Palliative Medicine of Great Britain and Ireland and other professional organisations, with snowball sampling.

Results: Two hundred and sixty-one replies were received between 9 and 19 April 2020 from clinicians in community, hospice and hospital settings across all areas of the UK and Ireland. Changes to AP local guidance and practice were reported: route of administration (47%), drugs prescribed (38%), total quantities prescribed (35%), doses and ranges (29%). Concerns over shortages of nurses and doctors to administer subcutaneous injections led 37% to consider drug administration by family or social caregivers, often by buccal, sublingual and transdermal routes. Clinical contact and patient assessment were more often remote via telephone or video (63%). Recommendations for regulatory changes to permit drug repurposing and easier community access were made.

Conclusions: The challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic for UK community palliative care has stimulated rapid innovation in AP. The extent to which these are implemented and their clinical efficacy need further examination.

Keywords: drug administration; end of life care; home care; nursing home care; supportive care; terminal care.

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Buccal
  • Administration, Sublingual
  • Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / administration & dosage
  • Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage
  • Betacoronavirus
  • COVID-19
  • Caregivers*
  • Coronavirus Infections / epidemiology
  • Drug Administration Routes*
  • Fentanyl / administration & dosage
  • General Practitioners
  • Hospice Care / methods
  • Hospices
  • Humans
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / administration & dosage
  • Ireland / epidemiology
  • Lorazepam / administration & dosage
  • Methotrimeprazine / administration & dosage
  • Muscarinic Antagonists / administration & dosage
  • Nurse Specialists
  • Palliative Care / methods*
  • Palliative Medicine
  • Pandemics
  • Physicians
  • Pneumonia, Viral / epidemiology
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Practice Patterns, Physicians' / statistics & numerical data*
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Telemedicine / methods
  • Terminal Care / methods*
  • Transdermal Patch
  • United Kingdom / epidemiology

Substances

  • Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
  • Analgesics, Opioid
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Muscarinic Antagonists
  • Methotrimeprazine
  • Lorazepam
  • Fentanyl