Claudia Bernardi
Università degli Studi di Perugia, Scienze Politiche, Faculty Member
- Harvard University, WIGH, Department MemberUniversità degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Geografiche e dell'Antichità (DiSSGeA), Post-Docadd
- Feminist Theory, Social Movements, Postcolonial Studies, Latin American Studies, Migration Studies, Latin American and Caribbean History, and 120 moreBorder Studies, Immigration Studies, Immigration History, Chicano Studies, Subaltern Studies, Transnational Labour Migration, Decolonial Thought, US-Mexico Borderlands, Labor History (U.S. history), Operaismo, Mexican American History, Globalization, Mobility/Mobilities, Postcoloniality and decolonization, Latin American social movements, Anthropology of Borders, International Migration, Transnational migration, Race and Racism, Political Economies of Capitalism, Imperialism/Colonialism, Racism, and Patriarchy, Political Theory, Saskia Sassen, Anibal Quijano, Autonomia, Irregular Migration, Translation, Decolonialidad, Decolonial Turn, Race, Class, Sex and Gender, Citizenship, Immigration Status & Nationality, Theories of Sovereignty, Biopolitics, Agamben, Negri, Securitization, Empire, Imperialism, Feminist Philosophy, Political Philosophy, Political Sociology, Qualitative methodology, Critical Theory, American Studies, Mexico History, US-Latin American Relations, Great Depression, Michel Foucault, Geography of Mobility and Migrations, Material Culture Studies, Global History, Global (North/South) Environmental Politics, Labor History and Studies, Labour history, WWII "Bracero Programs", Guestworker programs, Migration, Braceros, Social History, Immigrant Detention, Political Geography, Gastarbeiter, Global Labour History, Labour Studies, Global Political Economy, Migrant labour, Migrant workers, Labor Migration, Marxist theory, Autonomist Marxism, Autonomous Marxism, Migrants, Surplus Value, European Studies, Europeanization, American History, Race and Ethnicity, Critical Race Theory, Decolonialization, Decolonizing Methodologies, Migration History, Transnationalism, Return Migration, History of Capitalism, Capitalism, Karl Marx, Capital Accumulation, Economic History, Marxism, Cultural Studies, Guest Worker Programs, Migration mobilities, Free and Unfree Labour, Historia, Intra-European Migration, Human Geography, Political Geography and Geopolitics, International Relations, Political Economy, Logistics, Movimientos sociales, Movimentos sociais, História dos Movimentos Sociais, Storia Sociale, Latin American History, Mexican History, 20th Century Mexico, Mexican Studies, Fronteras, Borders and Frontiers, Frontier Studies, Frontera, Borders and Borderlands, Borderlands Studies, Migraciones, Farm Labor, Rural History, and the International Labour Organization (ILO)edit
- ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR of History of the Americas at the University of Perugia (2023-) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR of the pro... moreASSOCIATE PROFESSOR of History of the Americas at the University of Perugia (2023-)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR of the project "The Mobility Regime across Mexico and United States: the case of farmworkers from Tabasco and Oaxaca (1930s-1970s)" at the University of Padua (2022-24).
Profesora visitante at Centro de Estudios Históricos -El Colegio de México (2023, 2024); affiliated visitor (2023) and postdoctoral fellow (2014/15) of the Weatherhead Initiative on Global History at Harvard University, Cambridge-USA; Guest-researcher at Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut of Berlin (2022); Visiting Professor in "History of the Americas" at Ghent University (2021/2022); Visiting fellow at History department of Ghent University (2021, 2018); visiting fellow at Europa Institut-Universität Basel (2016).
Ph.D. in Euro-American Studies (2013, University of Roma Tre)
Contact: claudia.bernardi@unipg.itedit
This textbook explains the history of an unequal relationship between rulers and those who are ruled, which includes the decisions of a small group that have shaped the world as we know it. It also narrates the actions of the majority of... more
This textbook explains the history of an unequal relationship between
rulers and those who are ruled, which includes the decisions of a
small group that have shaped the world as we know it. It also narrates
the actions of the majority of humanity, which created new worlds
by accepting, refusing or resisting domination. All these actions and
reactions are part of history, and forge processes of change and
transformation that happened over time and are reconstructed or
remembered centuries or millennia later.
This textbook also aims to narrate how humanity, as a single species,
created different modes of living, different economic systems,
cultures, political and social formations, ideas, beliefs and worldviews.
These systems organised humans into common organisations and
around common ideas, but they also highlighted differences between
humans. These differences originated over time; they were created by
humans themselves.
This textbook covers the history of humanity, from homo sapiens
departure from Africa to the twenty-first century. Volume 1 spans the
years 70,000 BCE to 1000 CE; Volume 2 covers 1000 to 1870 CE; Volume
3 spans the years 1870 CE to the twenty-first century. The first volume
focuses on the expansion of frontiers, starting with the agricultural
frontier that created empires and cities. The second volume narrates
the story of the connection of different frontiers and the creation
of the first intercontinental trade system. The third volume looks at
the intensified intervention of complex systems of frontiers on our
planet.
Each volume is divided into three chronological chapters. Each
chapter starts with an overview of the chapter, then covers the four
themes by which the book is structured. Instead of reading historical
transformations as single topics, we have chosen to organise our
narrative in four themes and to look at the different transformations
that have occurred in the world. The four themes are 1) humans change
nature, 2) humans on the move, 3) social organisation and inequality,
and 4) worldviews.
rulers and those who are ruled, which includes the decisions of a
small group that have shaped the world as we know it. It also narrates
the actions of the majority of humanity, which created new worlds
by accepting, refusing or resisting domination. All these actions and
reactions are part of history, and forge processes of change and
transformation that happened over time and are reconstructed or
remembered centuries or millennia later.
This textbook also aims to narrate how humanity, as a single species,
created different modes of living, different economic systems,
cultures, political and social formations, ideas, beliefs and worldviews.
These systems organised humans into common organisations and
around common ideas, but they also highlighted differences between
humans. These differences originated over time; they were created by
humans themselves.
This textbook covers the history of humanity, from homo sapiens
departure from Africa to the twenty-first century. Volume 1 spans the
years 70,000 BCE to 1000 CE; Volume 2 covers 1000 to 1870 CE; Volume
3 spans the years 1870 CE to the twenty-first century. The first volume
focuses on the expansion of frontiers, starting with the agricultural
frontier that created empires and cities. The second volume narrates
the story of the connection of different frontiers and the creation
of the first intercontinental trade system. The third volume looks at
the intensified intervention of complex systems of frontiers on our
planet.
Each volume is divided into three chronological chapters. Each
chapter starts with an overview of the chapter, then covers the four
themes by which the book is structured. Instead of reading historical
transformations as single topics, we have chosen to organise our
narrative in four themes and to look at the different transformations
that have occurred in the world. The four themes are 1) humans change
nature, 2) humans on the move, 3) social organisation and inequality,
and 4) worldviews.
Research Interests: History, Modern History, Cultural History, Economic History, Area Studies, and 15 moreEducation, Medieval History, Teacher Education, Educational Research, Contemporary History, World History, Global History, Teacher Training, Migration Studies, Social History, Migration History, Textbook, High School, School, and School Textbooks
[Vincitore premio SISSCO opera prima 2019, ex-aequo] Il volume narra la storia dello spazio di frontiera tra Messico e Stati Uniti. La figura principale che traghetta il lettore in questo viaggio in territori contesi e densi di... more
[Vincitore premio SISSCO opera prima 2019, ex-aequo]
Il volume narra la storia dello spazio di frontiera tra Messico e Stati
Uniti. La figura principale che traghetta il lettore in questo viaggio
in territori contesi e densi di attriti è il bracero, il lavoratore migrante
messicano, protagonista sia delle turbolente migrazioni verso nord e
delle deportazioni a sud del confine, sia del programma d’importazione
di forza lavoro e di gestione della mobilità noto come Programa Bracero.
Il bracero diviene, al contempo, simbolo di modernizzazione e
oggetto di discriminazione. Un lavoratore temporaneo, “disponibile”,
razzializzato, a basso costo, flessibile e quasi privo di diritti che, lungi
dall’essere una mera vittima, intraprende varie forme di fuga dai regimi
del lavoro e della mobilità che hanno generato e trasformato lo spazio di
frontiera.
Il volume narra la storia dello spazio di frontiera tra Messico e Stati
Uniti. La figura principale che traghetta il lettore in questo viaggio
in territori contesi e densi di attriti è il bracero, il lavoratore migrante
messicano, protagonista sia delle turbolente migrazioni verso nord e
delle deportazioni a sud del confine, sia del programma d’importazione
di forza lavoro e di gestione della mobilità noto come Programa Bracero.
Il bracero diviene, al contempo, simbolo di modernizzazione e
oggetto di discriminazione. Un lavoratore temporaneo, “disponibile”,
razzializzato, a basso costo, flessibile e quasi privo di diritti che, lungi
dall’essere una mera vittima, intraprende varie forme di fuga dai regimi
del lavoro e della mobilità che hanno generato e trasformato lo spazio di
frontiera.
Research Interests: History, Latin American Studies, Mexican Studies, Border Studies, Race and Ethnicity, and 13 moreLabor Migration, Global History, Migration Studies, Work and Labour, Transnational migration, 19th Century Mexican History, Labor History and Studies, US-Mexico Borderlands, Latin America, Borders and Frontiers, América Latina, Borders and Borderlands, and Global Labour History
This paper aims to investigate the role of the land reform and labour recruitment systems in governing farmworkers mobility and immobilisation, in particular the practices of mobility of Mexican peasants in the aftermath of the agrarian... more
This paper aims to investigate the role of the land reform and labour recruitment systems in governing farmworkers mobility and immobilisation, in particular the practices of mobility of Mexican peasants in the aftermath of the agrarian reform, and during the guest workers program between Mexico and the United States (1942-1964). Under the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940), agrarian reform, expropriation of large land estates and its redistribution in cooperative and collective holdings (ejido) constituted an important trajectory of peasantries’ transformation and set off an era of prosperity until the 1960s. In this context, farmworkers’ transnational mobility was the outcome of different strategies that shaped the relation between land possession and labour mobility.
Through the use of sources collected in the Archivo General de la Nación in
Mexico City, the essay investigates the relation between peasant’s mobility and forms of land possession by: describing the forms of land possession and their juridical framework after the agrarian reform; focusing on the management of Mexican workers’ mobility; assessing the desires and practices of mobility of ejidatario and other peasants that interacted with the politics of immobilisation within Mexico.
Through the use of sources collected in the Archivo General de la Nación in
Mexico City, the essay investigates the relation between peasant’s mobility and forms of land possession by: describing the forms of land possession and their juridical framework after the agrarian reform; focusing on the management of Mexican workers’ mobility; assessing the desires and practices of mobility of ejidatario and other peasants that interacted with the politics of immobilisation within Mexico.
Research Interests: Mobility/Mobilities, Agrarian Studies, Peasant Studies, Rural History, Labor History (U.S. history), and 15 moreMigration, Labor Migration, International Migration, Historical Migrations, Migration Studies, Migration History, Transnational migration, Agrarian History, Labor History and Studies, Mobility, Labor History, Reforma Agraria, Peasant History, Campesinos, and Labour Mobility
CONTENTS SYMPOSIUM: MOBILITY, LABOUR, RIGHT: HISTORICAL TRAJECTORIES AND INTERACTIONS IN THE AMERICAS AND EUROPE (XVII-XX CENTURIES
Research Interests: Border Studies, History of Labor Migration, Migration, Labour history, Labor Migration, and 15 moreInternational Migration, Labour Studies, Global History, Historical Migrations, Migration Studies, Transnational migration, Labor History and Studies, History of Migration, Migrations, Mobility Studies, Labor Studies, Coercion, Labor Migration Issues, Global Labour History, and Migration and Diaspora Studies
The article investigates the peculiar history of farmworker unions in Arizona, and their relation with Mexican migrant workers. Since the bilateral agreement for the importation of workers from Mexico to USA in 1940s, a strong opposition... more
The article investigates the peculiar history of farmworker unions in Arizona, and their relation with Mexican migrant workers. Since the bilateral agreement for the importation of workers from Mexico to USA in 1940s, a strong opposition to Mexican migrants developed and progressively fragmented the “color line” that was supposed to unify the community of Mexican descendants. The introduction of the “wet line”, the political practice of the chicano union UFW, led to the final split of the labor movement in 1970s. As a result, the Maricopa County Organizing Project (MCOP) was founded to develop new strategies and political practices of labor organization that would generate the most massive work stoppage of migrant workers in the history of Arizona. The article analyzes the transformation of the MCOP farmworkers movement into a non-profit organization supporting projects of culture, education and health for chicanos, and indigenous and undocumented communities till today.
Research Interests: Mexican Studies, Mobility/Mobilities, Border Studies, Contemporary History, Labor History (U.S. history), and 14 moreLabour history, Trade unionism, Undocumented Immigration, Migration Studies, Transnational Labour Migration, Labor History and Studies, Activism, Transnational Studies, Labor History, Mexican History, Labour migration, Mexican Americans, Mexican American Studies, and historia mexicana
The article analyzes the historical context and the characteristics of the Mexican industries known as maquiladora, in the border zone between Mexico and USA. Mexican and US secondary sources are employed to analyze the historiographical... more
The article analyzes the historical context and the characteristics of the Mexican industries known as maquiladora, in the border zone between Mexico and USA. Mexican and US secondary sources are employed to analyze the historiographical debate on the topic. The essay shows that neoliberalism is the outcome of convergent logics and of various scales in which entrepreneurs of the Mexican norte have employed nationalism as driver for changing the maquiladora's regional economic model into a global mode of production.
Research Interests:
This paper investigates the conflicts between the conservative élite, workers’ organizations, and Mexican migrants in Arizona in the 1960s and 1970s when major confrontations occurred around the so-called ‘undocumented problem’. Through a... more
This paper investigates the conflicts between the conservative élite, workers’ organizations, and Mexican migrants in Arizona in the 1960s and 1970s when major confrontations occurred around the so-called ‘undocumented problem’. Through a labour history approach and the use of primary sources, this study returns the voice of seasonal workers, governors and Arizona’s Republican electoral body, union organizers and citizens, workers and anti-union associations. This article investigates, a) the role played by conservative political groups and southwestern capitalists in spreading anti-union and anti-migrant sentiments; b) the relation between status and contract in agricultural work; c) the recruitment and working conditions imposed on migrant workers; d) the political confrontation and conflicts that emerged between unions and migrant workers’ organizations in Arizona’s agricultural labour regime. In conclusion, although transnational organizing efforts led to success in labour confrontations, the exclusionary political practices against undocumented workers–like the wet line – resulted in the fragmentation of the ‘color line’ that ultimately exacerbated the frictions between farmworker unions and migrant workers.
Keywords Mexico; Arizona; migration; labour; unión; republicans
Resumen
Este articulo investiga los conflictos entre la élite conservadora, las organizaciones de trabajadores y los migrantes mexicanos en Arizona en las décadas de 1960 y 1970, cuando se produjeron importantes enfrentamientos en torno al llamado ‘problema de indocumentados’. Mediante un enfoque de historia laboral y el uso de fuentes primarias, el artículo da voz a los trabajadores temporales, gobernadores y al cuerpo electoral republicano de Arizona, organizadores sindicales y ciudadanos, trabajadores y asociaciones antisindicales. El estudio investiga el papel desempeñado por los grupos políticos conservadores y los capitalistas del sudoeste en la difusión de los sentimientos anti-sindicales y migratorios; la relación entre estatus y contrato en el trabajo agrícola; las condiciones de reclutamiento y trabajo impuestas a los trabajadores migrantes; la confrontación política y los conflictos surgieron entre los sindicatos y las organizaciones de trabajadores migrantes en el régimen laboral agrícola de Arizona. En conclusión, si bien los esfuerzos de organización transnacionales condujeron al éxito en las confrontaciones laborales, las prácticas políticas excluyentes contra los trabajadores indocumentados–como la wet line–resultaron en la fragmentación de la ‘línea de color’ que finalmente exacerbó las fricciones entre los sindicatos de trabajadores agrícolas y los trabajadores migrantes.
Palabras clave: México; Arizona; migración; trabajo; sindicato; conservador
Keywords Mexico; Arizona; migration; labour; unión; republicans
Resumen
Este articulo investiga los conflictos entre la élite conservadora, las organizaciones de trabajadores y los migrantes mexicanos en Arizona en las décadas de 1960 y 1970, cuando se produjeron importantes enfrentamientos en torno al llamado ‘problema de indocumentados’. Mediante un enfoque de historia laboral y el uso de fuentes primarias, el artículo da voz a los trabajadores temporales, gobernadores y al cuerpo electoral republicano de Arizona, organizadores sindicales y ciudadanos, trabajadores y asociaciones antisindicales. El estudio investiga el papel desempeñado por los grupos políticos conservadores y los capitalistas del sudoeste en la difusión de los sentimientos anti-sindicales y migratorios; la relación entre estatus y contrato en el trabajo agrícola; las condiciones de reclutamiento y trabajo impuestas a los trabajadores migrantes; la confrontación política y los conflictos surgieron entre los sindicatos y las organizaciones de trabajadores migrantes en el régimen laboral agrícola de Arizona. En conclusión, si bien los esfuerzos de organización transnacionales condujeron al éxito en las confrontaciones laborales, las prácticas políticas excluyentes contra los trabajadores indocumentados–como la wet line–resultaron en la fragmentación de la ‘línea de color’ que finalmente exacerbó las fricciones entre los sindicatos de trabajadores agrícolas y los trabajadores migrantes.
Palabras clave: México; Arizona; migración; trabajo; sindicato; conservador
Research Interests: Mexican Studies, History of Labour Migration, Labour history, Latin American History, Work and Labour, and 15 moreMigrant labour, Labor unions, History of Migration, Mexico, Migrant workers, History of Mexico, Arizona, Rights of Migrant Workers, labour rights, Arizona History, History of the United States - 20th Century, Cesar Chavez, Mexican Americans, Mexican American Studies, History of the Americas, and History of the Southwest
This paper aims at presenting the forthcoming school textbook 'A Global History of Humanity' that spans from 70.000 BCE till the 21 st century and narrates a global history of our world assuming a non-Eurocentric and non-nationalist... more
This paper aims at presenting the forthcoming school textbook 'A Global History of Humanity' that spans from 70.000 BCE till the 21 st century and narrates a global history of our world assuming a non-Eurocentric and non-nationalist perspective. The textbook covers the history of humanity through three volumes, combining a chronological and a thematic approach. Each volume is divided into three chronological chapters. Each chapter presents the four themes in which the textbook is structured: humans change nature; humans on the move; social organization and inequality; worldviews. The last part of this paper ties the long history of humanity narrated through the textbook to today's central questions, discussing the conditions in which we find ourselves today and the challenges we are facing in the coming years.
Research Interests:
Violence and periphery have always been central issues and useful keyconcepts to understand Latin-American history transformations. This paper aims to analyse the representation of Mexicans’ body in United States, since the beginning of... more
Violence and periphery have always been central issues and useful keyconcepts to understand Latin-American history transformations. This paper aims to analyse the representation of Mexicans’ body in United States, since the beginning of the Twentieth century until the Great Depression, and its role in defining the deportation inside the historical context of transformation of sovereignty. After 1929 crisis, the deportation of thousands of persons is the first massive expulsion of migrants supported by the U.S. government, a political practice that will lead to several consequences in the history of Mexico and its relation with U.S.A., besides changing completely the face of the frontier and migration itself.
Keywords: biopolitics; colonization; crisis; mexicans; migrants
Le tematiche della violenza e della periferia sono sempre state centrali nella storia latinoamericana, come chiave teorica per comprendere le sue trasformazioni. Questo articolo intende analizzare la rappresentazione del corpo dei messicani negli Stati Uniti, dall’inizio del Novecento fino alla Grande Depressione, e il ruolo che essa ha avuto nel definire la deportazione nel contesto storico di trasformazione della sovranità. Dopo la crisi del 1929, la deportazione di migliaia di persone costituisce il primo caso in cui il governo statunitense sostiene un’espulsione massiva di migranti, una pratica politica che porterà a numerose conseguenze nella storia del Messico e della sua relazione con gli U.S.A., oltre a cambiare completamente il volto della frontiera e quello della migrazione stessa.
Parole chiave: biopolitica; colonizzazione; crisi; messicani; migrante
Keywords: biopolitics; colonization; crisis; mexicans; migrants
Le tematiche della violenza e della periferia sono sempre state centrali nella storia latinoamericana, come chiave teorica per comprendere le sue trasformazioni. Questo articolo intende analizzare la rappresentazione del corpo dei messicani negli Stati Uniti, dall’inizio del Novecento fino alla Grande Depressione, e il ruolo che essa ha avuto nel definire la deportazione nel contesto storico di trasformazione della sovranità. Dopo la crisi del 1929, la deportazione di migliaia di persone costituisce il primo caso in cui il governo statunitense sostiene un’espulsione massiva di migranti, una pratica politica che porterà a numerose conseguenze nella storia del Messico e della sua relazione con gli U.S.A., oltre a cambiare completamente il volto della frontiera e quello della migrazione stessa.
Parole chiave: biopolitica; colonizzazione; crisi; messicani; migrante
Research Interests:
This article illustrates the main issues and characteristics of Mexican cross-border workers in United States, from the Mexican-American War till recent times. The mobility of commuters is firstly considered through the analysis of laws... more
This article illustrates the main issues and characteristics of Mexican cross-border workers in United States, from the Mexican-American War till recent times. The mobility of commuters is firstly considered through the analysis of laws and administrative practices that made migrants' status «artificial», and through available data on crossings and employment sector. Then, the article examines political and social oppositions to this form of labor mobility, and workers' mobility strategies linked to maquiladoras. Parole chiave: confini; mobilità; pendolarismo transfrontaliero; Messico; Stati Uniti. Introduzione Diversi termini e appellativi, nel corso del tempo, sono stati utiliz-zati per riferirsi ai lavoratori frontalieri lungo il confine tra Mes-sico e Stati Uniti: commuter, tarjeta verde, cross-border worker, transmigrant/e, green-carder, trabajador/a transfronterizo/a e jor-nalero identificano i protagonisti di questo movimento circolare sulla linea. Un'attività che si traduce con termini quali movilidad cotidiana, transmigracion, commuting e fa riferimento al periodico e frequente, se non quotidiano, movimento da un lato all'altro della linea tra due punti molto prossimi a essa. È una mobilità di tipo la-vorativo seppur diversi studi, in senso ampio, la colleghino ad altre attività come l'acquisto di beni di consumo (i cosiddetti shoppers) o legati alla riproduzione (genitori che ogni giorno accompagnano i figli a scuola negli Stati Uniti) e anche alla salute (visite mediche, più spesso dentistiche, nelle città di confine messicane).
Research Interests: History of Labour Migration, Migration, Migration Studies, United States History, History of Migration, and 11 moreMexico, United States, Mobility Studies, Relaciones del Trabajo, Migration and mobility studies, History of mobility, Estudios transfronterizos, Mobility (Internal and International Migration), Relaciones Transfronterizas, migración laboral temporal y circular, and Migración circular
Research Interests:
Este artículo brinda una contribución novedosa a la comprensión de la experiencia transnacional de los trabajadores en México y EE. UU. a través de una perspectiva centroamericana en las décadas de 1940 y 1950, al considerar el papel de... more
Este artículo brinda una contribución novedosa a la comprensión de la experiencia transnacional de los trabajadores en México y EE. UU. a través de una perspectiva centroamericana en las décadas de 1940 y 1950, al considerar el papel de la movilidad de los trabajadores guatemaltecos y el específico contexto histórico transnacional que conectaba a estos tres estados. La comprensión clásica de la movilidad transnacional como una relación México/Estados Unidos se reformulará a través de un enfoque transnacional que implica el papel de los trabajadores centroamericanos en las relaciones norteamericanas mediante el análisis de una serie de fuentes primarias que se refieren explícitamente a esta conexión. El objetivo general del ensayo es dar una primera contribución a la historia de la movilidad laboral al considerar los movimientos transnacionales de trabajadores que conectaron a estos tres países en un régimen integral de movilidad laboral. El objetivo específico es identificar las fuentes que abordan un proceso de espejo en la frontera sur y norte de México que, a pesar de algunas diferencias importantes y especificidades históricas, podría abordar la escritura de una historia transfronteriza de los trabajadores. Fuentes primarias del Archivo General de la Nación de México apoyarán este propósito.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Mobility/Mobilities, Migration, Labour history, Labor Migration, International Migration, and 10 moreLabour Studies, Migration Studies, Work and Labour, Labor History and Studies, International Labour Migration, Mobility Studies, Movilidad, Historia de México, Immobilization, and Historia De Las Migraciones
Research Interests: International Relations, Political Economy, Mobility/Mobilities, Transnationalism, Political Science, and 12 moreMigration, Labour history, International Political Economy, Political History, International Migration, Migration Studies, Migration History, Transnational migration, Labor History and Studies, Mexico, Migrant workers, and history of the USA
Questo saggio si propone di ripercorrere alcuni momenti salienti della storia dei messicani negli Stati Uniti in cui la costruzione di un immaginario ostile e pericoloso, in particolare dei migranti, ha prodotto politiche di espulsione e... more
Questo saggio si propone di ripercorrere alcuni momenti salienti
della storia dei messicani negli Stati Uniti in cui la costruzione di
un immaginario ostile e pericoloso, in particolare dei migranti, ha
prodotto politiche di espulsione e stigmatizzazione, muovendo da
processi di razzializzazione.1 Dalla seconda metà dell’Ottocento, con
l’annessione statunitense di buona parte del territorio messicano, il
corpo del messicano è “inciso” da stereotipi e politiche del controllo
che lo hanno trasformato in un corpo pericoloso, violento e persino
infetto. Le crisi economiche – prima la Grande depressione poi la
crisi energetica – sono utilizzate da governi e settori reazionari della
società come laboratori che, da un lato, sanciscono il processo di
razzializzazione e, dall’altro, identificano nel messicano la causa della
crisi economica ridefinendo il suo status sociale e giuridico sino a
coinvolgere i chicanxs.2
Il saggio analizza il contesto politico ed economico in cui si sono
moltiplicate politiche e pratiche fomentate da odio razziale, muovendo
da uno sguardo di lungo periodo che rintraccia nella colonizzazione
la matrice di stereotipi e discorsi di odio. Il saggio utilizza
fonti d’archivio – in particolare la stampa periodica messicana –
relative alla persecuzione dei lavoratori migranti, i braceros, a un
caso di tortura avvenuto in Arizona nel 1976 e alle mobilitazioni
del gruppo estremista e segregazionista Ku Klux Klan sostenuto
da vari settori istituzionali negli Stati Uniti. Lungi dall’essere vittime passive, migranti e chicanxs hanno organizzato forme di resistenza
alle politiche di deportazione, espulsione e razzializzazione.
della storia dei messicani negli Stati Uniti in cui la costruzione di
un immaginario ostile e pericoloso, in particolare dei migranti, ha
prodotto politiche di espulsione e stigmatizzazione, muovendo da
processi di razzializzazione.1 Dalla seconda metà dell’Ottocento, con
l’annessione statunitense di buona parte del territorio messicano, il
corpo del messicano è “inciso” da stereotipi e politiche del controllo
che lo hanno trasformato in un corpo pericoloso, violento e persino
infetto. Le crisi economiche – prima la Grande depressione poi la
crisi energetica – sono utilizzate da governi e settori reazionari della
società come laboratori che, da un lato, sanciscono il processo di
razzializzazione e, dall’altro, identificano nel messicano la causa della
crisi economica ridefinendo il suo status sociale e giuridico sino a
coinvolgere i chicanxs.2
Il saggio analizza il contesto politico ed economico in cui si sono
moltiplicate politiche e pratiche fomentate da odio razziale, muovendo
da uno sguardo di lungo periodo che rintraccia nella colonizzazione
la matrice di stereotipi e discorsi di odio. Il saggio utilizza
fonti d’archivio – in particolare la stampa periodica messicana –
relative alla persecuzione dei lavoratori migranti, i braceros, a un
caso di tortura avvenuto in Arizona nel 1976 e alle mobilitazioni
del gruppo estremista e segregazionista Ku Klux Klan sostenuto
da vari settori istituzionali negli Stati Uniti. Lungi dall’essere vittime passive, migranti e chicanxs hanno organizzato forme di resistenza
alle politiche di deportazione, espulsione e razzializzazione.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
En este texto me propongo utilizar el concepto de «frontera» como un triple proceso que se impone en las Américas desde el principio de la «modernidad» hasta el presente. Lejos de proponer un concepto universal o fundacional –aunque haría... more
En este texto me propongo utilizar el concepto de «frontera» como un triple proceso que se impone en las Américas desde el principio de la «modernidad» hasta el presente. Lejos de proponer un concepto universal o fundacional –aunque haría posible una conceptualización dirigida a su utilización en otros contextos actuales–, la frontera puede ser utilizada como un instrumento historiográfico para analizar algunas transformaciones fuera de las perspectivas centradas en el nacionalismo epistémico o enfocadas en la soberanía estatal. Me refiero a la frontera como proceso histórico en cuanto a la movilidad de capital en su forma despojadora y colonizadora, método de jerarquización inmaterial y separación material, representación y producción de subjetividad. Estas características me permiten analizar, aunque brevemente, la afirmación de un confín visible sobre la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México a través de las deportaciones de mexicanos.
Research Interests: History of Labour Migration, Migration, Labor Migration, Migration Studies, Frontier Studies, and 12 moreHistory of Migration, Mexico, Borders and Frontiers, Migraciones, United States, Fronteras, Migración, Frontera, Transborder Migration, Estudios transfronterizos, Migraciones y mercados laborales, and Deportaciones
This book explores how workers moved and were moved, why they moved, and how they were kept from moving. In particular, it examines the junction of mobility and coercion, thereby merging insights from two very different but in many ways... more
This book explores how workers moved and were moved, why they moved, and how they were kept from moving. In particular, it examines the junction of mobility and coercion, thereby merging insights from two very different but in many ways mutually supportive currents of study and epistemological renewal. On the one hand, global history has broadened the scope of studying labour spatially and temporally as well as creating new methodological incentives by eschewing the binary distinctions previous generations of scholars tended to make between free and unfree labour, productive and unproductive labour, or wage labour and unpaid labourto name only some of the most common examples. 1 Historians of work have thus increasingly begun to emphasise the interrelational nature of labour regimes in their various guises throughout history and around the globe. On the other hand, the expanding field of mobility studies has been paying more and more attention to questions of labour in connection with mobility, since work is one of the prime motivators for people to move and be moved. In this line of research, human movement emerges as a social process enmeshed in myriad relations of power and control. 2 This volume aims to combine the influence of these two historiographical currents by investigating them through the lens of coercion 3 as an analytical tool to improve our understanding of the complex and interconnected processes of labour and mobility in different historical contexts. With contributions spanning Europe and North America, Moving Workers combines fresh perspectives on the entanglements of human labour and human movement. It shows that all struggles relating to the mobility of workers or its restriction have the potential to reveal complex configurations of hierarchies, dependencies, and diverging conceptions of work and labour relations that continuously make and remake our world.
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Questo volume esplora le frontiere del contratto di lavoro tra Ottocento e Novecento, vale a dire quella “zona grigia” di indeterminatezza (in termini di status legale così come di status sociale) che caratterizzava i rapporti di lavoro... more
Questo volume esplora le frontiere del contratto di lavoro tra Ottocento e Novecento, vale a dire quella “zona grigia” di indeterminatezza (in termini di status legale così come di status sociale) che caratterizzava i rapporti di lavoro prima e al di là del consolidamento del regime salariale d’ispirazione occidentale. Partendo da un ampio ventaglio di studi di caso (la condizione dei “servi a contratto” cinesi, l’impiego dei “lavoratori indigeni” negli imperi coloniali, il lavoro coatto durante la guerra, il lavoro femminile a domicilio, la condizione precaria dei lavoratori migranti ieri come oggi, i conflitti di lavoro che coinvolgono apprendisti, artigiani, operai industriali e agricoli, ecc.), le autrici e gli autori qui riuniti suggeriscono di indagare tre piste di ricerca principali allo scopo di cogliere la molteplicità e il significato delle forme di dipendenza nel lavoro: il disciplinamento del lavoro, il controllo della mobilità di lavoratori e lavoratrici, la produzione di diritti e, più in generale, di forme di appartenenza, anche in situazioni di costrizione o di assenza di libertà. Il contratto di lavoro è così ricollocato nel groviglio dei rapporti di lavoro, sottolineando la pluralità delle azioni, delle consuetudini, dei conflitti e delle negoziazioni che sottendono la sua messa in pratica in contesti ed epoche differenti.
Research Interests: African Studies, Latin American Studies, Political Economy, Early Modern History, Contract Law, and 12 moreMobility/Mobilities, Contemporary History, Labor History (U.S. history), Migration, Labour history, Migration History, Labor History and Studies, Latin America, Colonization studies, Labor History, Coolie trade, and Labor Studies
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Europa, EU, Schweiz - Krise und Perspektiven
Europa, EU, Schweiz - Krise und Perspektiven
This symposium explores the historical processes and the debates that have shaped the land question between Latin America and Europe, from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, and brings together scholars investigating the land... more
This symposium explores the historical processes and the debates that have shaped the land question between Latin America and Europe, from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, and brings together scholars investigating the land question from different perspectives, such as
economic and environmental history, social and cultural history, among others. The expansion of 'commodification frontiers' led to profound transformations in the relationship between peasants,
land and the environment, in the Americas and in Europe. This radical change led to different responses by governments and peasants to the “land question”. In this context, we want to investigate how different tenure regimes (collective/community, private, cooperative) and the
practices of different actors (communities and peasant associations, land workers, public institutions, private intermediaries, movements, among others) changed in relation to agrarian reforms, and the environmental impact due to the extraction, dispossession or accumulation of
resources. We welcome contributions on cross-border and transcontinental regions, countries or communities -indigenous or not- that can contribute to the investigation of the processes of exchange of ideas and peasant practices in Latin American regions or between Latin America and
Europe.
economic and environmental history, social and cultural history, among others. The expansion of 'commodification frontiers' led to profound transformations in the relationship between peasants,
land and the environment, in the Americas and in Europe. This radical change led to different responses by governments and peasants to the “land question”. In this context, we want to investigate how different tenure regimes (collective/community, private, cooperative) and the
practices of different actors (communities and peasant associations, land workers, public institutions, private intermediaries, movements, among others) changed in relation to agrarian reforms, and the environmental impact due to the extraction, dispossession or accumulation of
resources. We welcome contributions on cross-border and transcontinental regions, countries or communities -indigenous or not- that can contribute to the investigation of the processes of exchange of ideas and peasant practices in Latin American regions or between Latin America and
Europe.
Research Interests: European History, European Studies, Latin American Studies, Environmental Studies, Agrarian Studies, and 15 moreCommodity Chains, Environmental History, Agrarian Change, Labour Studies, Work and Labour, Agrarian History, Historia Social, Historia de América, Agrarian Social Movements, Labour migration, Historia De América Latina, América Latina, Agrarian Question, Global Commodity Chains, and Trabajadores
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This section aims to improve communications between initiatives, artists, activists, scholars, and research groups engaged in the study and politics of commodity frontiers. Here you will find the latest news recommended by people from the... more
This section aims to improve communications between initiatives, artists, activists, scholars, and research groups engaged in the study and politics of commodity frontiers. Here you will find the latest news recommended by people from the Commodity Frontiers Initiative. This is a first selection, and we would be happy to add further events on our website, in social media, and in future volumes of Commodity Frontiers. Please send your announcements to Claudia Bernardi (clod.zeta@gmail.com), or contact us through the website, Twitter, or Facebook.
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A Global History of Humanity. Vol. 1. Expanding Frontiers: from Foragers to Empires (from 70,000 BCE to 1,000 CE); Vol. 2. Connecting Frontiers: From Empires to a Capitalist World Economy (from 1,000 CE to 1,870 CE); Vol. 3. Intensifying Frontiers: From a World of Nations to Global Capitalism (fr...more
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The 'new mobilities paradigm' formulated in the early 2000s allowed scholars of labor to explore the possibilities of the concept of im/mobility as an interpretive framework for understanding processes of work and labor.... more
The 'new mobilities paradigm' formulated in the early 2000s allowed scholars of labor to explore the possibilities of the concept of im/mobility as an interpretive framework for understanding processes of work and labor. This paper contributes to the continued cross-fertilization between mobility studies and labor studies by exploring the theoretical and methodological prospects of focusing on assemblages of temporal-spatial practices that simultaneously compel and confine movement. The article suggests that means, processes, and extent of labor coercion can be understood by analyzing how people are compelled to move or are confined to specific sites temporarily or permanently. It discusses how employing space and im/mobility as conceptual tools uncover the role of diffused, hierarchical layers through which labor coercion emerges. In this regard, environment emerges as a significant factor. The paper examines how mobility becomes a line of flight from sites/fields of coercion, or locks people into new forms of coercive relations; the legal/ formal or informal frameworks that regulate or govern labor im/mobility within specific sites; and how the logics of deployment and coercion overlap and mutually reinforce one another. Ultimately, it aims to contribute to the calls for nonlinear, newly spatialized histories of labor processes and labor coercion.
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Research Interests:
This paper provides a prismatic conceptualization of Europe, beyond a Eurocentric perspective, to investigate the overlapping of the North and South within it, considering the Mediterranean and the city of Rome as exemplary case.Este... more
This paper provides a prismatic conceptualization of Europe, beyond a Eurocentric perspective, to investigate the overlapping of the North and South within it, considering the Mediterranean and the city of Rome as exemplary case.Este artigo fornece uma conceituação prismática da Europa, para além de uma perspectiva eurocêntrica, para investigar a sobreposição do Norte e do Sul dentro dela, considerando o Mediterrâneo e a cidade de Roma como caso exemplar
L'articolo analizza il contesto storico e le caratteristiche delle industrie messicane note come maquiladora, nello spazio di frontiera tra Messico e Stati Uniti. Si utilizzano prevalentemente fonti secondarie, sia messicane sia... more
L'articolo analizza il contesto storico e le caratteristiche delle industrie messicane note come maquiladora, nello spazio di frontiera tra Messico e Stati Uniti. Si utilizzano prevalentemente fonti secondarie, sia messicane sia statunitensi per analizzare il dibattito storiografico sul tema. Il saggio dimostra che il neoliberalismo si presenta come l'esito di logiche convergenti e di varie scale spaziali in cui gli imprenditori del norte messicano hanno utilizzato il nazionalismo come veicolo per trasformare il modello economico regionale della maquiladora in un modo di produzione globale.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Globalization, Mexican Studies, Border Studies, Social Representations, and 15 moreNationalism, Mexico History, National Identity, Neoliberalism, Migration Studies, Mexico, Industrialization, Border, Maquiladora, Nazionalismo, Neoliberalismo, MEXICO, Neoliberismo, Messico, and Confine
en WIDERSPRUCH 65 Europa, EU, Schweiz - Krise und Perspektiven
This journal may be freely downloaded and quoted for all non-commercial purposes. The authors and the edu-factory collective, however, would like to be so informed at the address below
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Research Interests: International Relations, Political Economy, Mobility/Mobilities, Transnationalism, Political Science, and 15 moreMigration, Labour history, International Political Economy, Political History, International Migration, Migration Studies, Migration History, Transnational migration, Labor History and Studies, Mexico, Migrant workers, MEXICO, history of the USA, Transnational Migration, and Springer Ebooks
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This article illustrates the main issues and characteristics of Mexican cross-border workers in United States, from the Mexican-American War till recent times. The mobility of commuters is firstly considered through the analysis of laws... more
This article illustrates the main issues and characteristics of Mexican cross-border workers in United States, from the Mexican-American War till recent times. The mobility of commuters is firstly considered through the analysis of laws and administrative practices that made migrants' status «artificial», and through available data on crossings and employment sector. Then, the article examines political and social oppositions to this form of labor mobility, and workers' mobility strategies linked to maquiladoras. Parole chiave: confini; mobilità; pendolarismo transfrontaliero; Messico; Stati Uniti. Introduzione Diversi termini e appellativi, nel corso del tempo, sono stati utiliz-zati per riferirsi ai lavoratori frontalieri lungo il confine tra Mes-sico e Stati Uniti: commuter, tarjeta verde, cross-border worker, transmigrant/e, green-carder, trabajador/a transfronterizo/a e jor-nalero identificano i protagonisti di questo movimento circolare sulla linea. Un'attività che si traduce con termini quali movilidad cotidiana, transmigracion, commuting e fa riferimento al periodico e frequente, se non quotidiano, movimento da un lato all'altro della linea tra due punti molto prossimi a essa. È una mobilità di tipo la-vorativo seppur diversi studi, in senso ampio, la colleghino ad altre attività come l'acquisto di beni di consumo (i cosiddetti shoppers) o legati alla riproduzione (genitori che ogni giorno accompagnano i figli a scuola negli Stati Uniti) e anche alla salute (visite mediche, più spesso dentistiche, nelle città di confine messicane).
Research Interests: History of Labour Migration, Political Science, Migration, Migration Studies, United States History, and 13 moreHistory of Migration, Mexico, United States, Mobility Studies, Relaciones del Trabajo, Migration and mobility studies, MEXICO, History of mobility, Estudios transfronterizos, Relaciones Transfronterizas, migración laboral temporal y circular, Migración circular, and Linea
Urban temporalities. Politics of control and migrant networks. In the last six years Greece is facing a harsh economic crisis. Neoliberal austerity measures imposed by Troika exerted their pressure even on the urban spaces with purposes... more
Urban temporalities. Politics of control and migrant networks. In the last six years Greece is facing a harsh economic crisis. Neoliberal austerity measures imposed by Troika exerted their pressure even on the urban spaces with purposes of securitization. This process affects the political discourse that kept a racism character. Homeless, drug-addicted, prostitutes, political protesters, migrants: all the social marginalization has been stigmatized as "social enemies" and the latter targeted as one of the most dangerous. Inside the process of securitization a specific actor took substance: the neo-nazist party of Golden Dawn. In the last years, the Greek authorities showed an increasing tolerance for this criminal organization and this permivissiviness allows them to control a district of Athens: Aghios Panteleimonas. This urban area is characterized by a strong concentration of migrants, important social inequalities and a deep process of impoverishment of the historic in...
Research Interests:
En este texto me propongo utilizar el concepto de «frontera» como un triple proceso que se impone en las Américas desde el principio de la «modernidad» hasta el presente. Lejos de proponer un concepto universal o fundacional –aunque haría... more
En este texto me propongo utilizar el concepto de «frontera» como un triple proceso que se impone en las Américas desde el principio de la «modernidad» hasta el presente. Lejos de proponer un concepto universal o fundacional –aunque haría posible una conceptualización dirigida a su utilización en otros contextos actuales–, la frontera puede ser utilizada como un instrumento historiográfico para analizar algunas transformaciones fuera de las perspectivas centradas en el nacionalismo epistémico o enfocadas en la soberanía estatal. Me refiero a la frontera como proceso histórico en cuanto a la movilidad de capital en su forma despojadora y colonizadora, método de jerarquización inmaterial y separación material, representación y producción de subjetividad. Estas características me permiten analizar, aunque brevemente, la afirmación de un confín visible sobre la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México a través de las deportaciones de mexicanos.
This paper aims at presenting the forthcoming school textbook ‘A Global History of Humanity’ that spans from 70.000 BCE till the 21st century and narrates a global history of our world assuming a non-Eurocentric and non-nationalist... more
This paper aims at presenting the forthcoming school textbook ‘A Global History of Humanity’ that spans from 70.000 BCE till the 21st century and narrates a global history of our world assuming a non-Eurocentric and non-nationalist perspective. The textbook covers the history of humanity through three volumes, combining a chronological and a thematic approach. Each volume is divided into three chronological chapters. Each chapter presents the four themes in which the textbook is structured: humans change nature; humans on the move; social organization and inequality; worldviews. The last part of this paper ties the long history of humanity narrated through the textbook to today’s central questions, discussing the conditions in which we find ourselves today and the challenges we are facing in the coming years.